Introduction to Networks Companion Guide

This is the only Cisco-authorized companion guide to the official Cisco Networking Academy curriculum for the new CCNA Version 5 certification. An invaluable resouce for hundreds of thousands of Cisco Networking Academy students worldwide, this portable desk reference is ideal for anytime/anywhere take-home study and reference. Fully aligned to CNA's online course chapters, it offers additional book-based pedagogy to reinforce key concepts, enhance student comprehension, and promote retention. Using it, students can focus scarce study time, organize review for quizzes and exams, and get the day-to-day reference answers they're looking for. The Companion Guide also offers instructors additional opportunities to assign take-home reading or vocabulary homework, helping students prepare more for in-class lab work and discussions. A companion CD-ROM contains additional visual and interactive learning aids designed to accelerate mastery and deepen understanding.

List of contents

Introduction xxvi
Chapter 1 Exploring the Network 1
Objectives 1
Key Terms 1
Introduction (1.0.1.1) 3
Globally Connected (1.1) 4
Networking Today (1.1.1) 4
 Networks in Our Daily Lives (1.1.1.1) 4
 Technology Then and Now (1.1.1.2) 5
 The Global Community (1.1.1.3) 6
Networks Support the Way We Learn (1.1.1.4) 7
 Networks Support the Way We Communicate (1.1.1.5) 8
 Networks Support the Way We Work (1.1.1.6) 10
 Networks Support the Way We Play (1.1.1.7) 10
Providing Resources in a Network (1.1.2) 11
 Networks of Many Sizes (1.1.2.1) 12
 Clients and Servers (1.1.2.2, 1.1.2.3) 13
 Peer-to-Peer (1.1.2.4) 13
LANs, WANs, and the Internet (1.2) 14
Components of a Network (1.2.1, 1.2.1.1) 15
 End Devices (1.2.1.2) 16
 Intermediary Network Devices (1.2.1.3) 16
 Network Media (1.2.1.4) 17
 Network Representations (1.2.1.5) 18
 Topology Diagrams (1.2.1.6) 19
LANs and WANs (1.2.2) 21
 Types of Networks (1.2.2.1) 21
 Local-Area Networks (1.2.2.2) 22
 Wide-Area Networks (1.2.2.3) 22
The Internet (1.2.3, 1.2.3.1) 22
 Intranet and Extranet (1.2.3.2) 23
Internet Access Technologies (1.2.4.1) 25
Connecting Remote Users to the Internet (1.2.4.2) 25
Connecting Businesses to the Internet (1.2.4.3) 27
The Network as a Platform (1.3) 28
The Converging Network (1.3.1.1) 29
Planning for the Future (1.3.1.2) 30
The Supporting Network Architecture (1.3.2.1) 31
Fault Tolerance in Circuit-Switched Networks (1.3.2.2) 32
 Fault Tolerance 32
 Circuit-Switched Connection-Oriented Networks 33
Fault Tolerance in Packet-Switched Networks (1.3.2.3) 34
 Packet-Switched Networks 34
Scalable Networks (1.3.2.4) 35
 Scalability 35
Providing QoS (1.3.2.5) 37
 Quality of Service 37
Providing Network Security (1.3.2.6) 39
 Security 39
The Changing Network Environment (1.4) 41
Network Trends (1.4.1) 41
 New Trends (1.4.1.1) 41
 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) (1.4.1.2) 43
 Online Collaboration (1.4.1.3) 43
 Video Communication (1.4.1.4) 44
 Cloud Computing (1.4.1.5) 46
 Data Centers (1.4.1.6) 47
Technology Trends in the Home (1.4.2.1) 48
Powerline Networking (1.4.2.2) 49
Wireless Broadband (1.4.2.3) 50
 Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) 50
 Wireless Broadband Service 50
Security Threats (1.4.3.1) 50
Security Solutions (1.4.3.2) 51
Cisco Network Architectures (1.4.4.1) 52
CCNA (1.4.4.2) 53
Summary (1.5) 54
Practice 55
Class Activities 55
Labs 55
Packet Tracer Activities 55
Check Your Understanding 56
Chapter 2 Configuring a Network Operating System 59
Objectives 59
Key Terms 59
Introduction (2.0.1) 60
Introduction to Cisco IOS (2.0.1.1) 60
IOS Boot Camp (2.1) 61
Cisco IOS (2.1.1) 61
 Operating Systems (2.1.1.1) 61
 Purpose of OS (2.1.1.2) 63
 Location of the Cisco IOS (2.1.1.3) 63
 IOS Functions (2.1.1.4) 64
Accessing a Cisco IOS Device (2.1.2) 65
 Console Access Method (2.1.2.1) 65
 Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods (2.1.2.2) 66
     Terminal Emulation Programs (2.1.2.3) 67
Navigating the IOS (2.1.3) 67
 Cisco IOS Modes of Operation (2.1.3.1) 68
 Primary Modes (2.1.3.2) 69
 Global Configuration Mode and Submodes (2.1.3.3) 69
 Navigating Between IOS Modes (2.1.3.4, 2.1.3.5) 71
The Command Structure (2.1.4) 72
 IOS Command Structure (2.1.4.1) 73
 Cisco IOS Command Reference (2.1.4.2) 75
 Context-Sensitive Help (2.1.4.3) 76
 Command Syntax Check (2.1.4.4) 78
 Hot Keys and Shortcuts (2.1.4.5) 79
 IOS Examination Commands (2.1.4.6) 83
 The show version Command (2.1.4.7) 83
Getting Basic (2.2) 86
Host Names (2.2.1) 86
 Why the Switch (2.2.1.1) 86
 Device Names (2.2.1.2) 87
 Host Names (2.2.1.3) 87
 Configuring Host Names (2.2.1.4) 88
Limiting Access to Device Configurations (2.2.2) 89
 Securing Device Access (2.2.2.1) 89
 Securing Privileged EXEC Access (2.2.2.2) 90
 Securing User EXEC Access (2.2.2.3) 91
 Encrypting Password Display (2.2.2.4) 92
Banner Messages (2.2.2.5) 94
Saving Configurations (2.2.3) 96
 Configuration Files (2.2.3.1) 96
 Capturing Text (2.2.3.2) 98
Address Schemes (2.3) 100
Ports and Addresses (2.3.1) 100
 IP Addressing of Devices (2.3.1.1) 100
 Interfaces and Ports (2.3.1.2) 101
Addressing Devices (2.3.2) 102
 Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface (2.3.2.1) 102
Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices (2.3.2.2) 103
 Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices (2.3.2.3) 104
 IP Address Conflicts (2.3.2.4) 105
Verifying Connectivity (2.3.3) 106
 Test the Loopback Address on an End Device (2.3.3.1) 106
 Testing the Interface Assignment (2.3.3.2) 107
 Testing End-to-End Connectivity (2.3.3.3) 108
Summary (2.4) 109
Practice 110
Class Activities 110
Labs 111
Packet Tracer Activities 111
Check Your Understanding 111
Chapter 3 Network Protocols and Communications 115
Objectives 115
Key Terms 115
Introduction (3.0.1.1) 116
Rules of Communication (3.1) 116
The Rules (3.1.1) 117
 What Is Communication? (3.1.1.1) 117
 Establishing the Rules (3.1.1.2) 118
 Message Encoding (3.1.1.3) 119
 Message Formatting and Encapsulation (3.1.1.4) 120
 Message Size (3.1.1.5) 121
 Message Timing (3.1.1.6) 121
 Message Delivery Options (3.1.1.7) 122
Network Protocols and Standards (3.2) 123
Protocols (3.2.1) 123
 Protocols: Rules That Govern Communications (3.2.1.1) 123
 Network Protocols (3.2.1.2) 124
 Interaction of Protocols (3.2.1.3) 125
Protocol Suites (3.2.2) 127
 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards (3.2.2.1) 127
 Creation of the Internet and Development of TCP/IP (3.2.2.2) 128
 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and Communication Process (3.2.2.3) 129
Standards Organizations (3.2.3) 133
 Open Standards (3.2.3.1) 133
 ISOC, IAB, and IETF (3.2.3.2) 134
 IEEE (3.2.3.3) 135
 ISO (3.2.3.4) 136
     Other Standards Organizations (3.2.3.5) 136
Reference Models (3.2.4) 137
 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model (3.2.4.1) 138
 The OSI Reference Model (3.2.4.2) 139
 The TCP/IP Protocol Model (3.2.4.3) 140
 Comparing the OSI Model with the TCP/IP Model (3.2.4.4) 141
Moving Data in the Network (3.3) 143
Data Encapsulation (3.3.1) 143
 Communicating the Messages (3.3.1.1) 143
 Protocol Data Units (PDU) (3.3.1.2) 144
 Encapsulation (3.3.1.3) 145
 Deencapsulation (3.3.1.4) 146
Accessing Local Resources (3.3.2) 146
 Network Addresses and Data-Link Addresses (3.3.2.1) 146
 Communicating with a Device on the Same Network (3.3.2.2) 148
 MAC and IP Addresses (3.3.2.3) 149
Accessing Remote Resources (3.3.3) 150
 Default Gateway (3.3.3.1) 150
 Communicating with a Device on a Remote Network (3.3.3.2) 151
Summary (3.4) 154
Practice 155
Class Activities 155
Labs 155
Packet Tracer Activities 155
Check Your Understanding 156
Chapter 4 Network Access 161
Objectives 161
Key Terms 161
Introduction (4.0.1.1) 163
Physical Layer Protocols (4.1) 164
Getting It Connected (4.1.1) 164
 Connecting to the Network (4.1.1.1) 164
 Network Interface Cards (4.1.1.2) 165
Purpose of the Physical Layer (4.1.2) 166
 The Physical Layer (4.1.2.1) 166
 Physical Layer Media (4.1.2.2) 167
 Physical Layer Standards (4.1.2.3) 168
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 (4.1.3) 169
 Physical Layer Fundamental Principles (4.1.3.1) 169
 Bandwidth (4.1.3.2) 171
 Throughput (4.1.3.3) 172
 Types of Physical Media (4.1.3.4) 173
Network Media (4.2) 173
Copper Cabling (4.2.1) 173
 Characteristics of Copper Media (4.2.1.1) 173
 Copper Media (4.2.1.2) 175
 Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable (4.2.1.3) 176
 Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable (4.2.1.4) 176
 Coaxial Cable (4.2.1.5) 177
 Copper Media Safety (4.2.1.6) 178
UTP Cabling (4.2.2) 179
 Properties of UTP Cabling (4.2.2.1) 179
 UTP Cabling Standards (4.2.2.2) 180
 UTP Connectors (4.2.2.3) 182
 Types of UTP Cable (4.2.2.4) 183
 Testing UTP Cables (4.2.2.5) 185
Fiber-Optic Cabling (4.2.3) 185
 Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling (4.2.3.1) 185
 Fiber Media Cable Design (4.2.3.2) 186
 Types of Fiber Media (4.2.3.3) 187
 Network Fiber Connectors (4.2.3.4) 189
 Testing Fiber Cables (4.2.3.5) 191
 Fiber Versus Copper (4.2.3.6) 192
Wireless Media (4.2.4) 193
 Properties of Wireless Media (4.2.4.1) 193
 Types of Wireless Media (4.2.4.2) 194
 Wireless LAN (4.2.4.3) 196
 802.11 Wi-Fi Standards (4.2.4.4) 196
Data Link Layer Protocols (4.3) 198
Purpose of the Data Link Layer (4.3.1) 198
 The Data Link Layer (4.3.1.1) 198
 Data Link Sublayers (4.3.1.2) 199
 Media Access Control (4.3.1.3) 200
 Providing Access to Media (4.3.1.4) 201
Layer 2 Frame Structure (4.3.2) 202
 Formatting Data for Transmission (4.3.2.1) 202
 Creating a Frame (4.3.2.2) 203
Layer 2 Standards (4.3.3) 204
 Data Link Layer Standards (4.3.3.1) 204
Media Access Control (4.4) 205
Topologies (4.4.1) 206
 Controlling Access to the Media (4.4.1.1) 206
 Physical and Logical Topologies (4.4.1.2) 207
WAN Topologies (4.4.2) 208
 Common Physical WAN Topologies (4.4.2.1) 208
 Physical Point-to-Point Topology (4.4.2.2) 209
 Logical Point-to-Point Topology (4.4.2.3) 209
 Half and Full Duplex (4.4.2.4) 210
LAN Topologies (4.4.3) 210
 Physical LAN Topologies (4.4.3.1) 210
 Logical Topology for Shared Media (4.4.3.2) 211
 Contention-Based Access (4.4.3.3) 212
 Multiaccess Topology (4.4.3.4) 213
 Controlled Access (4.4.3.5) 213
 Ring Topology (4.4.3.6) 214
Data-Link Frame (4.4.4) 215
 The Frame (4.4.4.1) 215
 The Header (4.4.4.2) 215
 Layer 2 Address (4.4.4.3) 216
 The Trailer (4.4.4.4) 217
 LAN and WAN Frames (4.4.4.5) 218
 Ethernet Frame (4.4.4.6) 220
 PPP Frame (4.4.4.7) 221
 802.11 Wireless Frame (4.4.4.8) 222
Summary (4.5) 225
Practice 227
Class Activities 227
Labs 227
Packet Tracer Activities 227
Check Your Understanding 227
Chapter 5 Ethernet 231
Objectives 231
Key Terms 231
Introduction (5.0.1.1) 233
Ethernet Protocol (5.1) 234
Ethernet Operation (5.1.1) 234
 LLC and MAC Sublayers (5.1.1.1) 235
 MAC Sublayer (5.1.1.2) 235
 Media Access Control (5.1.1.3) 236
 MAC Address: Ethernet Identity (5.1.1.4) 238
 Frame Processing (5.1.1.5) 239
Ethernet Frame Attributes (5.1.2) 240
 Ethernet Encapsulation (5.1.2.1) 241
 Ethernet Frame Size (5.1.2.2) 242
 Introduction to the Ethernet Frame (5.1.2.3) 243
Ethernet MAC (5.1.3) 244
 MAC Addresses and Hexadecimal (5.1.3.1) 244
 MAC Address Representations (5.1.3.2) 246
 Unicast MAC Address (5.1.3.3) 247
 Broadcast MAC Address (5.1.3.4) 248
 Multicast MAC Address (5.1.3.5) 248
MAC and IP (5.1.4, 5.1.4.1) 249
 End-to-End Connectivity, MAC, and IP (5.1.4.2) 250
Address Resolution Protocol (5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.1.1) 252
 ARP Functions (5.2.1.2) 252
 ARP Operation (5.2.1.3) 253
 ARP Role in Remote Communication (5.2.1.4) 256
 Removing Entries from an ARP Table (5.2.1.5) 258
 ARP Tables on Networking Devices (5.2.1.6) 258
ARP Issues (5.2.2) 259
 How ARP Can Create Problems (5.2.2.1) 259
 Mitigating ARP Problems (5.2.2.2) 260
LAN Switches (5.3) 260
Switching (5.3.1) 260
 Switch Port Fundamentals (5.3.1.1) 261
 Switch MAC Address Table (5.3.1.2) 261
 Duplex Settings (5.3.1.3) 263
 Auto-MDIX (5.3.1.4) 265
  Frame-Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches (5.3.1.5) 265
 Cut-Through Switching (5.3.1.6) 266
 Memory Buffering on Switches (5.3.1.8) 267
Fixed or Modular (5.3.2) 268
 Fixed Versus Modular Configuration (5.3.2.1) 268
 Module Options for Cisco Switch Slots (5.3.2.2) 270
Layer 3 Switching (5.3.3) 272
 Layer 2 Versus Layer 3 Switching (5.3.3.1) 272
 Cisco Express Forwarding (5.3.3.2) 273
 Types of Layer 3 Interfaces (5.3.3.3) 274
 Configuring a Routed Port on a Layer 3 Switch (5.3.3.4) 275
Summary (5.4) 277
Practice 278
Class Activities 278
Labs 279
Packet Tracer Activities 279
Check Your Understanding 279
Chapter 6 Network Layer 283
Objectives 283
Key Terms 283
Introduction (6.0.1.1) 284
Network Layer Protocols (6.1) 285
Network Layer in Communication (6.1.1) 285
 The Network Layer (6.1.1.1) 285
 Network Layer Protocols (6.1.1.2) 286
Characteristics of the IP Protocol (6.1.2) 287
 Characteristics of IP (6.1.2.1) 287
 IP—Connectionless (6.1.2.2) 288
 IP—Best-Effort Delivery (6.1.2.3) 288
 IP—Media Independent (6.1.2.4) 289
 Encapsulating IP (6.1.2.5) 290
IPv4 Packet (6.1.3) 291
 IPv4 Packet Header (6.1.3.1) 291
 IPv4 Header Fields (6.1.3.2) 293
 Sample IPv4 Headers (6.1.3.3) 293
IPv6 Packet (6.1.4) 295
 Limitations of IPv4 (6.1.4.1) 295
 Introducing IPv6 (6.1.4.2) 296
 Encapsulating IPv6 (6.1.4.3) 297
 IPv6 Packet Header (6.1.4.4) 298
 Sample IPv6 Header (6.1.4.5) 298
Routing (6.2) 299
How a Host Routes (6.2.1) 299
 Host Forwarding Decision (6.2.1.1) 300
 Default Gateway (6.2.1.2) 300
 IPv4 Host Routing Table (6.2.1.3) 301
 IPv4 Host Routing Entries (6.2.1.4) 303
 Sample IPv4 Host Routing Table (6.2.1.5) 305
 Sample IPv6 Host Routing Table (6.2.1.6) 306
Router Routing Tables (6.2.2) 307
 Router Packet-Forwarding Decision (6.2.2.1) 307
 IPv4 Router Routing Table (6.2.2.2) 308
 Directly Connected Routing Table Entries (6.2.2.3) 310
 Remote Network Routing Table Entries (6.2.2.4) 311
 Next-Hop Address (6.2.2.5) 312
 Sample Router IPv4 Routing Table (6.2.2.6) 312
Routers (6.3) 315
Anatomy of a Router (6.3.1) 315
 A Router Is a Computer (6.3.1.1) 315
 Router CPU and OS (6.3.1.2) 315
 Router Memory (6.3.1.3) 316
 Inside a Router (6.3.1.4) 318
 Router Backplane (6.3.1.5) 319
 Connecting to a Router (6.3.1.6) 320
 LAN and WAN Interfaces (6.3.1.7) 321
 Router Bootup (6.3.2) 322
 Cisco IOS (6.3.2.1) 322
 Bootset Files (6.3.2.2) 323
 Router Bootup Process (6.3.2.3) 323
 Show Version Output (6.3.2.4) 325
Configuring a Cisco Router (6.4) 326
Configure Initial Settings (6.4.1) 326
 Router Configuration Steps (6.4.1.1) 326
 Configure Interfaces (6.4.2) 328
 Configure LAN Interfaces (6.4.2.1) 328
 Verify Interface Configuration (6.4.2.2) 330
 Configuring the Default Gateway (6.4.3) 332
 Default Gateway on a Host (6.4.3.1) 332
 Default Gateway on a Switch (6.4.3.2) 333
Summary (6.5) 335
Practice 336
Class Activities 337
Labs 337
Packet Tracer Activities 337
Check Your Understanding 337
Chapter 7 Transport Layer 341
Objectives 341
Key Terms 341
Introduction (7.0.1.1) 342
Learning Objectives 342
Transport Layer Protocols (7.1) 343
Transportation of Data (7.1.1) 343
  Role of the Transport Layer (7.1.1.1, 7.1.1.2) 343
 Conversation Multiplexing (7.1.1.3) 347
 Transport Layer Reliability (7.1.1.4) 347
 TCP (7.1.1.5) 348
 UDP (7.1.1.6) 349
 The Right Transport Layer Protocol for the Right
 Application (7.1.1.7) 350
Introducing TCP and UDP (7.1.2) 352
 Introducing TCP (7.1.2.1) 352
 Role of TCP (7.1.2.2) 353
 Introducing UDP (7.1.2.3) 355
 Role of UDP (7.1.2.4) 355
 Separating Multiple Communications (7.1.2.5) 356
 TCP and UDP Port Addressing (7.1.2.6 – 7.1.2.9) 357
 TCP and UDP Segmentation (7.1.2.10) 362
TCP and UDP (7.2) 363
TCP Communication (7.2.1) 364
 TCP Reliable Delivery (7.2.1.1) 364
 TCP Server Processes (7.2.1.2) 364
 TCP Connection Establishment and Termination (7.2.1.3) 365
 TCP Three-Way Handshake Analysis—Step 1 (7.2.1.4) 367
 TCP Three-Way Handshake Analysis—Step 2 (7.2.1.5) 368
 TCP Three-Way Handshake Analysis—Step 3 (7.2.1.6) 369
 TCP Session Termination Analysis (7.2.1.7) 370
 Reliability and Flow Control (7.2.2) 373
 TCP Reliability—Ordered Delivery (7.2.2.1) 373
 TCP Reliability—Acknowledgement and Window Size (7.2.2.2) 374
 TCP Reliability—Data Loss and Retransmission (7.2.2.3) 376
 TCP Flow Control—Window Size and Acknowledgements (7.2.2.4) 376
 TCP Flow Control—Congestion Avoidance (7.2.2.5) 378
UDP Communication (7.2.3) 379
 UDP Low Overhead Versus Reliability (7.2.3.1) 379
 UDP Datagram Reassembly (7.2.3.2) 380
 UDP Server Processes and Requests (7.2.3.3) 381
 UDP Client Processes (7.2.3.4) 381
TCP or UDP, That Is the Question (7.2.4) 382
 Applications That Use TCP (7.2.4.1) 382
 Applications That Use UDP (7.2.4.2) 382
Summary (7.3) 384
Practice 386
Class Activities 386
Labs 386
Packet Tracer Activities 386
Check Your Understanding 386
Chapter 8 IP Addressing 391
Objectives 391
Key Terms 391
Introduction (8.0.1.1) 393
IPv4 Network Addresses (8.1) 393
IPv4 Address Structure (8.1.1) 394
 Binary Notation (8.1.1.1) 394
 Binary Number System (8.1.1.2) 395
 Converting a Binary Address to Decimal (8.1.1.3) 397
 Converting from Decimal to Binary (8.1.1.5, 8.1.1.6) 399
IPv4 Subnet Mask (8.1.2) 400
 Network Portion and Host Portion of an IPv4 Address (8.1.2.1) 400
 Examining the Prefix Length (8.1.2.2) 402
 IPv4 Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses (8.1.2.3) 403
 First Host and Last Host Addresses (8.1.2.4) 405
 Bitwise AND Operation (8.1.2.5) 406
 Importance of ANDing (8.1.2.6) 407
IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast (8.1.3) 408
 Assigning a Static IPv4 Address to a Host (8.1.3.1) 408
 Assigning a Dynamic IPv4 Address to a Host (8.1.3.2) 409
 Unicast Transmission (8.1.3.3) 410
 Broadcast Transmission (8.1.3.4) 412
 Multicast Transmission (8.1.3.5) 413
Types of IPv4 Addresses (8.1.4) 416
 Public and Private IPv4 Addresses (8.1.4.1) 416
 Special-Use IPv4 Addresses (8.1.4.3) 417
 Legacy Classful Addressing (8.1.4.4) 419
 Assignment of IP Addresses (8.1.4.5, 8.1.4.6) 422
IPv6 Network Addresses (8.2) 424
IPv4 Issues (8.2.1) 424
 The Need for IPv6 (8.2.1.1) 425
 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence (8.2.1.2) 426
 IPv6 Addressing (8.2.2) 427
Hexadecimal Number System (8.2.2.1) 427
 IPv6 Address Representation (8.2.2.2) 429
 Rule 1: Omit Leading 0s (8.2.2.3) 430
 Rule 2: Omit All 0 Segments (8.2.2.4) 430
Types of IPv6 Addresses (8.2.3) 431
 IPv6 Address Types (8.2.3.1) 431
 IPv6 Prefix Length (8.2.3.2) 432
 IPv6 Unicast Addresses (8.2.3.3) 432
 IPv6 Link-Local Unicast Addresses (8.2.3.4) 434
IPv6 Unicast Addresses (8.2.4) 435
 Structure of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address (8.2.4.1) 435
 Static Configuration of a Global Unicast Address (8.2.4.2) 437
 Dynamic Configuration of a Global Unicast Address Using SLAAC (8.2.4.3) 439
 Dynamic Configuration of a Global Unicast Address
 Using DHCPv6 (8.2.4.4) 441
 EUI-64 Process or Randomly Generated (8.2.4.5) 442
 Dynamic Link-Local Addresses (8.2.4.6) 444
 Static Link-Local Addresses (8.2.4.7) 445
 Verifying IPv6 Address Configuration (8.2.4.8) 447
IPv6 Multicast Addresses (8.2.5) 449
 Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses (8.2.5.1) 449
 Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses (8.2.5.2) 450
Connectivity Verification (8.3) 451
ICMP (8.3.1) 451
 ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Messages (8.3.1.1) 451
 ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement Messages (8.3.1.2) 453
 ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor
 Advertisement Messages (8.3.1.3) 454
Testing and Verification (8.3.2) 455
 Ping: Testing the Local Stack (8.3.2.1) 455
 Ping: Testing Connectivity to the Local LAN (8.3.2.2) 456
 Ping: Testing Connectivity to Remote (8.3.2.3) 456
 Traceroute: Testing the Path (8.3.2.4) 456
Summary (8.4) 460
Practice 461
Class Activities 462
Labs 462
Packet Tracer Activities 462
Check Your Understanding 462
Chapter 9 Subnetting IP Networks 465
Objectives 465
Key Terms 465
Introduction (9.0.1.1) 466
Subnetting an IPv4 Network (9.1) 467
Network Segmentation (9.1.1) 467
 Reasons for Subnetting (9.1.1.1) 467
 Communication Between Subnets (9.1.1.2) 468
IP Subnetting Is FUNdamental (9.1.2) 468
 The Plan (9.1.2.1) 468
 The Plan: Address Assignment (9.1.2.2) 470
Subnetting an IPv4 Network (9.1.3) 470
 Basic Subnetting (9.1.3.1) 470
 Subnets in Use (9.1.3.2) 472
 Subnetting Formulas (9.1.3.3) 474
 Creating Four Subnets (9.1.3.4) 475
 Creating Eight Subnets (9.1.3.5) 478
 Creating 100 Subnets with a /16 prefix (9.1.3.10) 481
 Calculating the Hosts (9.1.3.11) 483
 Calculating the Hosts (9.1.3.12) 484
Determining the Subnet Mask (9.1.4) 487
 Subnetting Based on Host Requirements (9.1.4.1) 487
 Subnetting Network-Based Requirements (9.1.4.2) 488
 Subnetting to Meet Network Requirements (9.1.4.3, 9.1.4.4) 488
Benefits of Variable-Length Subnet Masking (9.1.5) 492
 Traditional Subnetting Wastes Addresses (9.1.5.1) 492
 Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) (9.1.5.2) 493
 Basic VLSM (9.1.5.3) 494
 VLSM in Practice (9.1.5.4) 495
 VLSM Chart (9.1.5.5) 496
Addressing Schemes (9.2) 498
Structured Design (9.2.1) 498
 Planning to Address the Network (9.2.1.1) 498
  Assigning Addresses to Devices (9.2.1.2) 499
Design Considerations for IPv6 (9.3) 501
Subnetting an IPv6 Network (9.3.1) 501
 Subnetting Using the Subnet ID (9.3.1.1) 502
 IPv6 Subnet Allocation (9.3.1.2) 503
 Subnetting into the Interface ID (9.3.1.3) 505
Summary (9.4) 507
Practice 508
Class Activities 508
Labs 509
Packet Tracer Activities 509
Check Your Understanding 509
Chapter 10 Application Layer 515
Objectives 515
Key Terms 515
Introduction (10.0.1.1) 516
Application Layer Protocols (10.1) 517
Application, Session, and Presentation (10.1.1) 517
 OSI and TCP/IP Models Revisited (10.1.1.1) 517
 Application Layer (10.1.1.2) 518
 Presentation and Session Layers (10.1.1.3) 518
 TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols (10.1.1.4) 519
 How Application Protocols Interact with End-User Applications (10.1.2) 520
 Peer-to-Peer Networks (10.1.2.1) 520
 Peer-to-Peer Applications (10.1.2.2) 521
 Common P2P Applications (10.1.2.3) 522
 Client-Server Model (10.1.2.5) 523
Well-Known Application Layer Protocols and Services (10.2) 525
Common Application Layer Protocols (10.2.1) 525
 Application Layer Protocols Revisited (10.2.1.1) 525
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Hypertext Markup Language (10.2.1.2) 525
 HTTP and HTTPS (10.2.1.3) 526
 SMTP, POP, and IMAP (10.2.1.4-10.2.1.7) 527
Providing IP Addressing Services (10.2.2) 530
 Domain Name System (10.2.2.1) 530
 DNS Message Format (10.2.2.2) 530
 DNS Hierarchy (10.2.2.3) 532
 Nslookup (10.2.2.4) 533
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (10.2.2.6) 534
 DHCPv4 Operation (10.2.2.7) 535
Providing File-Sharing Services (10.2.3) 538
 File Transfer Protocol (10.2.3.1) 538
 Server Message Block (10.2.3.4) 539
The Message Heard Around the World (10.3) 540
Move It! (10.3.1) 540
 The Internet of Things (10.3.1.1) 540
 Message Travels Through a Network (10.3.1.2) 540
 Getting the Data to the End Device (10.3.1.3) 542
 Getting the Data Through the Internetwork (10.3.1.4) 542
 Getting the Data to the Right Application (10.3.1.5) 543
 Warriors of the Net (10.3.1.6) 545
Summary (10.4) 546
Practice 548
Class Activities 548
Labs 548
Packet Tracer Activities 548
Check Your Understanding 549
Chapter 11 It’s a Network 551
Objectives 551
Key Terms 551
Introduction (11.0.1.1) 552
Create and Grow (11.1) 553
Devices in a Small Network (11.1.1) 553
 Small-Network Topologies (11.1.1.1) 553
 Device Selection for a Small Network (11.1.1.2) 554
 IP Addressing for a Small Network (11.1.1.3) 555
 Redundancy in a Small Network (11.1.1.4) 556
 Design Considerations for a Small Network (11.1.1.5) 557
 Protocols in a Small Network (11.1.2) 559
 Common Applications in a Small Network (11.1.2.1) 559
 Common Protocols in a Small Network (11.1.2.2) 560
 Real-Time Applications for a Small Network (11.1.2.3) 561
Growing to Larger Networks (11.1.3) 562
 Scaling a Small Network (11.1.3.1) 562
 Protocol Analysis of a Small Network (11.1.3.2) 563
 Evolving Protocol Requirements (11.1.3.3) 564
Keeping the Network Safe (11.2) 564
Network Device Security Measures (11.2.1) 565
 Categories of Threats to Network Security (11.2.1.1) 565
 Physical Security (11.2.1.2) 566
 Types of Security Vulnerabilities (11.2.1.3) 566
Vulnerabilities and Network Attacks (11.2.2) 569
 Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses (11.2.2.1) 569
 Reconnaissance Attacks (11.2.2.2) 570
 Access Attacks (11.2.2.3) 570
 DoS Attacks (11.2.2.4) 572
 Mitigating Network Attacks (11.2.3) 574
 Backup, Upgrade, Update, and Patch (11.2.3.1) 574
 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (11.2.3.2) 575
 Firewalls (11.2.3.3) 577
 Endpoint Security (11.2.3.4) 578
Securing Devices (11.2.4) 578
 Introduction to Securing Devices (11.2.4.1) 578
 Passwords (11.2.4.2) 579
 B...

About the author

Mark A. Dye Mark is the lead network engineer for Kwajalein Range Services at Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. He is responsible for the network team that provides design, deployment, and operation of all the missile test range data networks across ten islands as well as three continental U.S. locations. He has previously worked as subject matter expert and content team lead for the Cisco Academy Program as well as an author for multiple Cisco Network Academy Fundamentals online courses. He worked to develop and review courseware and assessments for both the Academy and certification programs. For more than 20 years, Mark served as technology manager for The Bevill Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Alabama Technology Network. He developed and implemented comprehensive network strategies for intranet and Internet, including policies, administrative procedures, network security, and interconnectivity. He also implemented and taught Cisco Networking Academy Fundamentals of Wireless LANs, Fundamentals of Network Security, and CCNA and CCNP courses at The Bevill Center for instructors and students. Allan D. Reid Allan is a professor and program supervisor at Centennial College in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where he teaches courses in networking, network security, virtualization, and cloud computing. He is the lead for the Centennial College ASC/ITC and has been teaching the academy curriculum since one of the earliest versions. Allan has authored multiple books and online courses for the Cisco Academy program, where he is a subject matter expert and content team lead. He works as part of the core team to develop state-of-the-art assessments and courseware. Outside of his academic responsibilities, Allan has been active in the computer and networking fields for more than 30 years and is currently a principal in a company involved in the design, installation, and management of network solutions for small to medium-sized companies.

Summary

This is the only Cisco-authorized companion guide to the official Cisco Networking Academy Introduction to Networks course in the new CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum. Fully aligned to the online course chapters, it offers additional book-based pedagogy to reinforce key concepts, enhance student comprehension, and promote retention. Using it, students can focus scarce study time, organize review for quizzes and exams, and get the day-to-day reference answers they’re looking for. The Companion Guide also offers instructors additional opportunities to assign take-home reading or vocabulary homework, helping students prepare more for in-class lab work and discussions.

Product details

• Authors: Cisco Networking Academy
• Assisted by: Paul Boger (Editor), Cisco Networking Academy (Editor), Mary Beth Ray (Editor)
• Publisher: Pearson Academic
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.01.2013
• EAN: 9781587133169
• ISBN: 978-1-58713-316-9
• No. of pages: 720
• Dimensions: 210 mm x 240 mm x 35 mm
• Weight: 1450 g
• Series: Cisco Press; Cisco Press
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > IT, data processing > Data communication, networks