Modern Glass Characterization

Informationen zum Autor Mario Affatigato , PhD,is currently Professor of Physics at Coe College, Iowa. Prof. Affatigato's research interests include optical properties of glasses and the relationship between those properties and the structure of the glass. He was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 1999, and the Faculty Member Prize for Research in an Undergraduate Institution in 2013 by the American Physical Society. He has published over 80 papers in refereed journals. Klappentext The book consists of a series of edited chapters, each written by an expert in the field and focusing on a particular characterization technique as applied to glass. The book covers a variety of techniques ranging from the very common (like Raman and FTIR) to the most recent (and less well known) ones, like SEM for structural analysis and photoelastic measurements. The level of the chapters make it suitable for researchers and for graduate students about to start their research work. It will also:* discuss the technique itself, background, nuances when it comes to looking at glassy materials, interpretation of results, case studies, and recent and near-future innovations* Fill a widening gap in modern techniques for glass characterization* Provide much needed updates on the multiple essential characterization techniques Zusammenfassung The book consists of a series of edited chapters, each written by an expert in the field and focusing on a particular characterization technique as applied to glass. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii List of Contributors xv 1 DENSITY, THERMAL PROPERTIES, AND THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF GLASSES 1 Steve Feller Part I: Introduction to Physical Properties and Their Uses 1 Part II: Density 2 1.1 Density: Experimental Background and Theory 2 1.1.1 Overview 2 1.1.2 Experimental Methods and Theory 3 1.1.3 Instrumentation Used for Determining Density 7 1.1.4 Analysis of Data, Extraction of Useful Information, and Other Ways to Express Density 8 1.1.5 Case Studies from Some Glass Systems 13 1.1.6 Conclusion to Density Measurements 19 Part III: Thermal Effects with a Focus on the Glass Transition Temperature 20 1.2 OVERVIEW 20 1.3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND THEORY 20 1.3.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 22 1.4 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR DETERMINING Tg AND RELATED THERMAL EVENTS 23 1.4.1 DSCs 23 1.4.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 23 1.5 ANALYSIS OF DATA AND EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION 25 1.6 CASE STUDIES FROM GLASS SYSTEMS 26 1.6.1 The Glass Transition Temperatures of Barium Borosilicate Glasses [18] 26 1.6.2 Stability Parameters in Lithium Borate Glasses [18] 27 1.7 CONCLUSION TO THERMAL PROPERTIES 30 2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 32 E.I. Kamitsos 2.1 INTRODUCTION 32 2.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 34 2.2.1 Refractive Index and Dielectric Function 34 2.2.2 Reflectance Spectroscopy of Bulk Materials 36 2.2.3 Infrared Spectra of Thin Films 42 2.3 INSTRUMENTATION 44 2.4 ANALYSIS OF INFRARED DATA 48 2.4.1 Bulk Glasses 48 2.4.2 Thin Films of Amorphous Materials 52 2.5 CASE STUDIES 54 2.5.1 Bulk Glasses 54 2.5.2 Glass Thin Films 63 2.6 CONCLUSIONS 68 3 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 74 Rui M. Almeida and Luis F. Santos 3.1 INTRODUCTION 74 3.2 BACKGROUND 76 3.2.1 Theory 76 3.2.2 Selection Rules 78 3.2.3 Depolarization of Raman Lines 79 3.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 80 3.3.1 Light Source 81 3.3.2 Sample Compartment 82 3.3.3 Spectrometer 82 3.3.4 Detector 83 3.3.5 Micro-Raman Spectrometers 84 3.3.6 Resolution 85 ...

List of contents

Preface xiii
 
List of Contributors xv
 
1 DENSITY, THERMAL PROPERTIES, AND THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF GLASSES 1
Steve Feller
 
Part I: Introduction to Physical Properties and Their Uses 1
 
Part II: Density 2
 
1.1 Density: Experimental Background and Theory 2
 
1.1.1 Overview 2
 
1.1.2 Experimental Methods and Theory 3
 
1.1.3 Instrumentation Used for Determining Density 7
 
1.1.4 Analysis of Data, Extraction of Useful Information, and Other Ways to Express Density 8
 
1.1.5 Case Studies from Some Glass Systems 13
 
1.1.6 Conclusion to Density Measurements 19
 
Part III: Thermal Effects with a Focus on the Glass Transition Temperature 20
 
1.2 OVERVIEW 20
 
1.3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND THEORY 20
 
1.3.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 22
 
1.4 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR DETERMINING Tg AND RELATED THERMAL EVENTS 23
 
1.4.1 DSCs 23
 
1.4.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 23
 
1.5 ANALYSIS OF DATA AND EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION 25
 
1.6 CASE STUDIES FROM GLASS SYSTEMS 26
 
1.6.1 The Glass Transition Temperatures of Barium Borosilicate Glasses [18] 26
 
1.6.2 Stability Parameters in Lithium Borate Glasses [18] 27
 
1.7 CONCLUSION TO THERMAL PROPERTIES 30
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 30
 
REFERENCES 31
 
2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 32
E.I. Kamitsos
 
2.1 INTRODUCTION 32
 
2.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 34
 
2.2.1 Refractive Index and Dielectric Function 34
 
2.2.2 Reflectance Spectroscopy of Bulk Materials 36
 
2.2.3 Infrared Spectra of Thin Films 42
 
2.3 INSTRUMENTATION 44
 
2.4 ANALYSIS OF INFRARED DATA 48
 
2.4.1 Bulk Glasses 48
 
2.4.2 Thin Films of Amorphous Materials 52
 
2.5 CASE STUDIES 54
 
2.5.1 Bulk Glasses 54
 
2.5.2 Glass Thin Films 63
 
2.6 CONCLUSIONS 68
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 69
 
REFERENCES 69
 
3 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 74
Rui M. Almeida and Lu´?s F. Santos
 
3.1 INTRODUCTION 74
 
3.2 BACKGROUND 76
 
3.2.1 Theory 76
 
3.2.2 Selection Rules 78
 
3.2.3 Depolarization of Raman Lines 79
 
3.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 80
 
3.3.1 Light Source 81
 
3.3.2 Sample Compartment 82
 
3.3.3 Spectrometer 82
 
3.3.4 Detector 83
 
3.3.5 Micro-Raman Spectrometers 84
 
3.3.6 Resolution 85
 
3.3.7 Data Analysis 86
 
3.4 CASE STUDIES 87
 
3.4.1 Structural Effects of Alkali Incorporation in Silicate Glasses 87
 
3.4.2 Phase Separation Mechanisms in Transition Metal Phosphate Glasses 92
 
3.4.3 Raman Study of Niobium Germanosilicate Glasses And Glass-Ceramics 96
 
3.4.4 Raman Spectroscopy of Chalcogenide Glasses 99
 
3.5 CONCLUSIONS 103
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 103
 
REFERENCES 103
 
4 BRILLOUIN LIGHT SCATTERING 107
John Kieffer
 
4.1 INTRODUCTION 107
 
4.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 110
 
4.3 INSTRUMENTATION 117
 
4.4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION CONTENT 126
 
4.5 EXAMPLES OF CASE STUDIES 133
 
4.5.1 Room-Temperature Glass 133
 
4.5.2 Temperature Dependence, Glass Transition, and Visco-Elasticity 137
 
4.5.3 Spatially Confined Systems (e.g., Thin Films) 146
 
4.5.4 Systems Under Pressure 149
 
4.5.5 Mechanically Fragile Systems, Soft Matter, and Gels 151
 
4.6 SUMMARY 154
 
REFERENCES 155
 
5 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF GLASSES 158
Alex C. Hannon
 

Product details

• Authors: M Affatigato, Mario Affatigato
• Assisted by: Mari Affatigato (Editor), Mario Affatigato (Editor), Affatigato Mario (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 06.11.2015
• EAN: 9781118230862
• ISBN: 978-1-118-23086-2
• No. of pages: 464
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > General, dictionaries; Chemie, Physik, Physikalische Chemie, Werkstoffprüfung, Glas, chemistry, Physics, Materialwissenschaften, Materials science, Physical Chemistry, Atom- u. Molekülphysik, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Materials Characterization