Speech Science

Speech Science: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice, 3/e continues to highlight the close relationship between the scientific study of speech production and perception, and the application of this data to the evaluation and treatment of communication disorders. Integrating scientific material on the acoustics, anatomy, and physiology of speech production and perception with state-of-the-art instrumental techniques used in clinical practice, makes the Ferrand text the most comprehensive, modern, and detailed approach to the subject.
 
Features of this new edition include:

• Additional material on basic physics concepts throughout the first chapter in narrative and tabular form which provides a more thorough grounding and review of basic concepts for students, and helps them to appreciate how speech science relates to other branches of science.
• The topics of resonance and the role of the vocal tract as an acoustic resonator have been combined into one chapter early in the text, providing students a seamless transition between concepts, and a firm basis for understanding the source-filter theory.
• Updated research in all clinical chapters. Current research literature helps students to appreciate the ways in which instrumental techniques supplement and enhance the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of individuals with communication disorders.
• Additional integrative case studies facilitate student appreciation of the strong links between theory and current clinical management of patients with a wide variety of communication disorders.
• Inclusion of two-color illustrations help students to clearly visualize important aspects of anatomy and physiology relevant to human communicative behavior.
• Descriptions of current technologies such as high-speed digital imaging, electromagnetic articulography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Additional information regarding acoustic, aerodynamic, kinematic, and brain imaging techniques provides students with an introduction to new and innovative methods that are used to assess and treat articulatory, phonatory, respiratory, auditory, and nervous system disorders.

 
 

List of contents

Foreword
Preface to Third Edition  
Acknowledgments   
Introduction
CHAPTER 1: The Nature of Sound
International System of Units
Basic Physics Concepts
  Mass, force, weight, volume, density
  Speed, velocity, momentum, acceleration, inertia
  Elasticity, stiffness
  Work, energy, power, intensity
  Pressure
Overview of Sound
Air
  Air pressure
  Air flow
  Air pressure, volume, and density
Sound: Changes in Air Pressure
  Elasticity, inertia, and friction
  Wave motion of sound
  Mass/spring system
  Simple harmonic motion
  Frequency, period, wavelength, velocity, and amplitude
Pure tones
  Visually depicting sound waves: waveforms
Complex Sounds
  Visually depicting sound waves: spectra
Sound Absorption, Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction
Constructive and Destructive Interference
Attributes of Sounds
  Frequency and pitch
  Human range of hearing
  Amplitude, intensity, and loudness
  Decibel scale
  Advantages of the decibel scale
  Applications of the decibel scale
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 2: Resonance
Acoustic Resonance
  Tube resonators and standing waves
  Acoustic resonators as filters
  Bandwidth
  Cutoff frequencies
  Resonance curves
  Parameters of a filter
  Types of filters
Vocal Tract Resonance
  Characteristics of the vocal tract resonator
  Source-filter theory of vowel production
  Formant frequencies related to oral and pharyngeal volumes
  Vowel formant frequencies
  F1/F2 plots
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 3: The Articulatory System
Articulators of the Vocal Tract
  Oral cavity
  Lips
  Mandible
  Teeth
Dental occlusion
  Hard palate
  Soft palate
Muscles of the velum
Velopharyngeal closure
  Tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Tongue movements for speech and swallowing
  Pharynx
Muscles of the pharynx
  Nasal cavities
  Valves of the vocal tract
Traditional Classification System of Consonants and Vowels
  Place of articulation of English consonants
  Manner of articulation of English consonants
Stops
Fricatives
Affricates
Nasals
Glides
Liquids
  Voicing
  Vowel classification
Acoustic Characteristics of Vowels and Consonants
  Spectrographic analysis
  Narrowband and wideband spectrograms
  Vowels
  Diphthongs
  Nasals
  Glides
  Liquids
  Stops
Silent gap
Release burst
Voice onset time
Formant transitions
  Fricatives
  Affricates
The Production of Speech Sounds in Context
  Coarticulation
  Suprasegmentals
Intonation
Stress
Duration
Summary
Review Exercises
 
 
 
CHAPTER 4:Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders Related to Articulation
Kinematic Measures of Articulatory Variables
  Cineradiography
  Strain gauge
  X-ray microbeam
  Ultrasound
  Electropalatography and glossography
  Magnetic resonance imaging
  Electromagnetic articulography
Articulation and Intelligibility
Dysarthria/Apraxia
  Acoustic measures
Vowel formant analysis
Spectral analysis of consonants
  Kinematic measures
Cineradiography
Strain gauge
Electropalatography
Electromagnetic articulography
Hearing Impairment
  Acoustic measures
  Kinematic measures
Electropalatography and glossography
  Cochlear implantation
Acoustic measures
Kinematic measures
Phonological/Articulatory Disorders
  Acoustic measures
  Kinematic measures
Ultrasound
Electropalatography
Cleft Palate
Summary
Review Exercises
Integrative Case Studies
 
CHAPTER 5:The Phonatory system
Laryngeal Skeleton
  Bones and cartilages
  Joints of the larynx
Valves within the Larynx
  Aryepiglottic folds
  False vocal folds
  True vocal folds
  Cover-body model
  Glottis
Muscles of the Larynx
  Extrinsic muscles
  Intrinsic muscles
Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation
  Mucosal wave
  Phonation threshold pressure
  Glottal spectrum
  Harmonic spacing
  Nearly periodic nature of the human voice
Vocal Quality
  Normal vocal quality
  Abnormal vocal qualities
Breathy voice
Rough/hoarse voice
Vocal Registers
  Physiological and acoustic characteristics of modal, pulse, and falsetto registers
  Use of different registers in singing and speaking
Acoustic Measures of Phonatory Variables
  Frequency and intensity variables
Average fundamental frequency
Frequency variability
Maximum phonation frequency range
  Voice amplitude/intensity
Average amplitude level
Amplitude variability
Dynamic range
Voice range profile
  Perturbation measures
  Noise measures
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 6: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Phonatory Disorders
Electroglottography
  EGG and registers
  EGG slope quotients
Endoscopy and Videostroboscopy
High speed Digital Imaging
Videokymography
Advantages of Acoustic and Visual Analysis of Phonatory Function
Laryngeal Aging
  Acoustic changes over the lifespan
Neurological Disorders
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  Parkinson’s disease
  Unilateral vocal fold paresis/paralysis
  Spasmodic dysphonia
  Paradoxical vocal fold motion
  Benign mucosal lesions, muscle tension dysphonia, and/or GERD
Laryngeal Cancer
Hearing Impairment
Transsexual Voice
Summary
Review Exercises
Integrative Case Studies
 
CHAPTER 7: The Respiratory System
Pulmonary Apparatus
  Bronchial tree
  Chest wall
Muscles of Respiration
  Accessory muscles of respiration
  Muscles of the abdomen
Pleural Linkage
Moving Air Into and Out of the Lungs
  Inhalation
  Exhalation
  Rate of breathing
Lung Volumes and Capacities
  Resting expiratory level
  Lung volumes
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Dead air
  Lung capacities
Vital capacity
Functional residual capacity
Inspiratory capacity
Total lung capacity
Differences between Breathing for Life and Breathing for Speech
  Location of air intake
  Ratio of time for inhalation versus exhalation
  Volume of air inhaled and exhaled per cycle
  Muscle activity for exhalation
  Chest wall shape
Speech Breathing for Isolated Vowels and Connected Speech
  Breathing patterns for speech
  Changes in speech breathing over the lifespan
  Features of speech breathing in children
  Features of speech breathing in older adults
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 8: Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders
Measurement of Respiratory Variables
  Pulmonary function testing
  Respiratory kinematic analysis
Plethysmography
Linearized magnetometers
  Air pressures
  Airflow
Respiratory Function and Speech Production
  Classification of respiratory problems
  Symptoms of respiratory disorders
Principles of Clinical Management of Speech Breathing Disorders
  Neurological disorders
Parkinson’s disease
Cerebellar disease
Cervical spinal cord injury
Cerebral palsy
  Mechanical ventilation
  Voice disorders
  Asthma
  Paradoxical vocal fold motion
Summary
Review Exercises
Integrative Case Studies
 
CHAPTER 9: The Auditory System
Outer Ear
Tympanic Membrane
Middle Ear
  Eustachian tube
  Ossicles
  Muscles
  Functions of the middle ear
Inner Ear
  Cochlea
  Basilar membrane
  Cochlear function
Perception of Speech
  Segmentation problem
  The role of redundancy in speech perception
  Instrumental analysis of vowel and consonant perception
Perception of Vowels and Diphthongs
  Diphthongs
Consonants
  Categorical perception
  Multiple acoustic cues
  Influence of coarticulation
Perception of Consonants
  Liquids
  Glides
  Nasals
  Stops
  Fricatives
  Affricates
Hearing Loss
  Hearing loss and speech perception
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 10:Clinical Application: Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders Related to Hearing Impairment
Measurement of Auditory Variables
  Immittance audiometry
  Tympanometry
Tympanometric procedures
Tympanogram shapes
Advantages of tympanometry
  Static-acoustic middle ear admittance
  Acoustic reflex testing
  Otoacoustic emissions testing
Spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions
  Auditory brainstem response testing
Evaluation of Speech Perception
Cochlear Implants
  Training for cochlear implant users
Otitis Media and Speech Perception
Language and Reading Disability and Speech Perception
Articulatory Problems and Speech Perception
Summary
Review Exercises
Integrative Case Study
 
CHAPTER 11: The Nervous System
Brain tissue
  Glial cells
  Neurons
Types of neurons
Sensory receptors
Neuronal function
Conduction velocity
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  Central nervous system
  Meninges
  Ventricles
  Functional brain anatomy
  Cortex
  Lobes of the brain
    Frontal lobe
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Occipital lobe
Limbic lobe
  Cortical connections
Commissural fibers
Association fibers
Projection fibers
Subcortical Areas of the Brain
  Basal nuclei
  Thalamus
  Hypothalamus
Brainstem
  Midbrain
  Pons
  Medulla
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
  Spinal nerves
Cranial Nerves
  CN V: Trigeminal
  CN VII: Facial
  CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
  CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
  CN X: Vagus
  CN XII: Hypoglossal
Blood Supply to the Brain
The Language Zone
Motor Control Systems Involved in Speech Production
  Motor cortex
  Upper and lower motor neurons
  Direct and indirect systems
  Motor units
Principles of Motor Control
  Feedback and feedforward
  Efference copy
Summary
Review Exercises
 
CHAPTER 12: Clinical Application: Brain Imaging in the Evaluation and Treatment of Disorders of the Nervous System
Techniques for Imaging Brain Structure
  Computerized tomography
  Magnetic resonance imaging
Techniques for Imaging Brain Function
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging
  Positron emission tomography
  Single photon emission computerized tomography
  Electroencephalography and evoked potentials
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Use of Brain Imaging Techniques in Communication Disorders
  Stuttering
  Stroke
  Parkinson’s disease
  Multiple sclerosis
  Alzheimer’s disease
Summary
Review Exercises
Integrative Case Study
 
CHAPTER 13: Models and Theories of Speech Production and Perception
Models
Theories
Speech Production
  Spatial and articulatory target models
  Feedback and feedforward models
  The DIVA model
  Action theory
Speech Perception
  Motor theory
Summary
Review Exercises
 
 Glossary   
References  
Index  

About the author

Carole T. Ferrand, Ph.D., is Professor of Speech, Language, and Hearing Science at Hofstra University. Her research interests include the acoustic aspects of normal and disordered speech production in monolingual and bilingual speakers, and the acoustics of birdsong. Dr. Ferrand earned a B.A. from Witwatersrand University, and her M.S. and Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

Summary

For courses in speech and hearing science, and anatomy and physiology in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders.
 
Speech Science: An Integrated Approach to Theory and Clinical Practice, 3/e continues to highlight the close relationship between the scientific study of speech production and perception, and the application of this data to the evaluation and treatment of communication disorders. Integrating scientific material on the acoustics, anatomy, and physiology of speech production and perception with state-of-the-art instrumental techniques used in clinical practice, makes the Ferrand text the most comprehensive, modern, and detailed approach to the subject.

 
Each chapter presenting theoretical information is followed by a corresponding chapter on clinical application, clearly demonstrating the connections between scientific theory and clinical management of communication disorders. To reinforce this link, case studies and questions in each clinical application chapter help students focus on how scientific principles are applied in clinical contexts.
 
Call-out notes, summary points, and review questions help students consolidate material for improved retention. Schematic illustrations enhance the text and demonstrate anatomical and functional relationships between structures. With this student- and instructor-friendly text, students will find theoretical information meaningful, less intimidating, and more easily accessible.

Product details

• Authors: Carole T. Ferrand
• Publisher: Pearson Academic
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 01.01.2013
• EAN: 9780132907118
• ISBN: 978-0-13-290711-8
• No. of pages: 528
• Weight: 810 g
• Series: Pearson; Pearson
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Medical professions