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In 1970 when I first seriously contemplated writing a book on electron spectroscopy, I recognized the impossibility of completely reaching my desired goals. First, the field was expanding (and still is) at such a rate that a definitive statement of the subject is not possible. The act of following the literature comprehensively and summarizing its essential content proved to be a diver gent series. On the other hand, the field has increased to such a size that violent changes in its basic makeup no longer occur with the frequency that was present in its early days. Furthermore, the excitement of electron spectro scopy lies in its many-faceted interrelationships. In the era of specialization, electron spectroscopy is an open-ended subject continually bringing together new aspects of science. I wished to discuss not just one type of electron spectro scopy, but as many as would be possible. The book as it stands concentrates its attention on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but also presents the basis of Auger electron spectroscopy and uv photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as mentioning many of the other branches of the field. A large, many-author volume might be an answer to some of these problems. However, though anyone person possesses only a limited amount of expertise, I have always enjoyed books by a single author since what they lack in detailed knowledge they gain in a unified viewpoint. I hope the final product, though limited in its attainment of these goals, will still be of some merit.
List of contents
1 Introduction.- 1. History.- 2. Scope of Present Book and Review of Past Books.- 3. Name-Calling.- 4. Areas Related to Electron Spectroscopy Not to be Discussed in Detail.- 5. Fields Related to Electron Spectroscopy.- 2 Instrumentation and Experimental Procedures.- 1. Source Volume.- 2. Analyzer.- 3. Detector Systems and Data Analysis.- 4. New Developments.- 5. Review of Commercial Instruments.- 3 Fundamental Concepts.- 1. Photoelectric Effect.- 2. Binding Energy.- 3. Final States and the Sudden Approximation.- 4. Atomic Wave Functions.- 5. Molecular Orbital Theory.- 4 Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Outer Shells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Energy Level Scheme.- 3. Identification of the Orbital.- 4. Comparison of PESOS with Other Experimental Data.- 5. Survey of the Literature on PESOS.- 6. Studies on Solids.- 7. Analytical Applications of PESOS.- 5 Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Inner Shells.- 1. Atomic Structure.- 2. Theoretical Basis of Chemical Shifts of Core Electrons.- 3. Summary of Data on Chemical Shifts as a Function of the Periodic Table.- 4. Special Topics on Shifts in Core Binding Energies.- 5. Other Applications of PESIS.- 6. Use of PESIS for Applied Research.- 6 Auger Electron Spectroscopy.- 1. Theory of the Auger Process.- 2. Comparison of the Auger Phenomenon with the Photoelectric Effect and X-Ray Emission.- 3. Use of Auger Spectroscopy for Gases.- 4. Use of Auger Spectroscopy in the Study of Solids.- Appendixes.- 1. Atomic Binding Energies for Each Subshell for Elements Z = 1-106.- 3. Compilation of Data on Shifts in Core Binding Energies.- 4. Acronyms and Definitions of Special Interest in Electron Spectroscopy.- References.
