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Informationen zum Autor Russellyn S. Carruth, JD, has developed and taught courses on environmental law to both law and public health students at the New Jersey Graduate Program of Public Health and at the University of Pittsburgh. Previously, she was in private law practice in Anchorage Alaska. Bernard D. Goldstein, MD, is professor emeritus of Environmental and Occupational Health and former dean of the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh. He served as assistant administrator of the EPA and was the founding director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute of Rutgers University. Klappentext Environmental Health LawEnvironmental Health Law offers a compendium of the major US environmental laws as well as strategies, standards, and enforcement techniques by which American law protects our environment and our health. Written in accessible language for the non-lawyer, this important resource puts the focus on general concepts and demystifies the American legal system by explaining what a law consists of, who makes it, how it is made, and how it is enforced.In this book, Russellyn Carruth and Bernard Goldstein--experts in the field of environmental health law--introduce the major environmental laws that govern air and water pollution; regulate the manufacturing, distribution, uses, and disposal of hazardous substances; protect workers and the workplace; and protect the safety of our drugs, food, and water. The book also addresses issues and controversies in environmental policy with an eye towards understanding future developments in the law. Zusammenfassung This important resource offers a comprehensive overview of the major U.S. environmental laws and approaches, strategies, standards, and enforcement techniques by which American law protects our environment and our health. Written for the non-lawyer, the book puts the spotlight on general concepts that go a long way to demystify the American legal system (what law consists of, who makes it, how it is made, and how it is enforced). The authors also introduce the major environmental laws and evaluate issues, controversies and developments in environmental policy. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Text Boxes, Figures, and Tables ix Preface xiii The Authors xvii Chapter 1 Overview of the US Legal System 1 The Structure of American Government 2 Separation of Powers: Federal and State 3 Sources of American Law 9 Chapter 2 Transparency and Accountability in the Executive Branch: Judicial Review and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 23 Judicial Review 24 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 29 Chapter 3 Clean Air Act (CAA) 41 Background 42 Introduction to the Clean Air Act 43 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 44 Regulating Emissions 48 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) 58 Enforcement 65 Mobile Source Controls 66 Acid Rain Program 68 Cross-Border Air Pollution 71 Greenhouse Gases 72 Chapter 4 Clean Water Act (CWA) 77 Scope and Basics 79 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) 81 Technology-Based Effluent Standards 83 Beyond Technology-Based Standards: Water Quality Safety Net 90 Enforcement 92 Pretreatment Program for Indirect Dischargers 96 Discharges of Fill and Dredged Materials 98 Chapter 5 Safe DrinkingWater Act (SDWA) 107 Who Is Regulated: Public Water Systems 109 What Contaminants Are Regulated? 110 National Drinking Water Regulations 112 Keeping Consumers Informed 116 A Closer Look at Public Water Systems 117 Source Water 120 Enforcement 124 Chapter 6 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability...
List of contents
List of Text Boxes, Figures, and Tables ix
Preface xiii
The Authors xvii
Chapter 1 Overview of the US Legal System 1
The Structure of American Government 2
Separation of Powers: Federal and State 3
Sources of American Law 9
Chapter 2 Transparency and Accountability in the Executive Branch: Judicial Review and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 23
Judicial Review 24
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 29
Chapter 3 Clean Air Act (CAA) 41
Background 42
Introduction to the Clean Air Act 43
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 44
Regulating Emissions 48
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) 58
Enforcement 65
Mobile Source Controls 66
Acid Rain Program 68
Cross-Border Air Pollution 71
Greenhouse Gases 72
Chapter 4 Clean Water Act (CWA) 77
Scope and Basics 79
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) 81
Technology-Based Effluent Standards 83
Beyond Technology-Based Standards: Water Quality Safety Net 90
Enforcement 92
Pretreatment Program for Indirect Dischargers 96
Discharges of Fill and Dredged Materials 98
Chapter 5 Safe DrinkingWater Act (SDWA) 107
Who Is Regulated: Public Water Systems 109
What Contaminants Are Regulated? 110
National Drinking Water Regulations 112
Keeping Consumers Informed 116
A Closer Look at Public Water Systems 117
Source Water 120
Enforcement 124
Chapter 6 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or "Superfund Act") 131
Overview and Definitions 133
Reporting Releases of Hazardous Substances 136
Responding to a Release of Hazardous Substances 136
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 142
The Superfund 145
Liability 146
Brownfields 152
Chapter 7 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 157
What Is a Hazardous Waste? 159
Cradle-to-Grave Regulation 163
Waste Minimization 172
Enforcement 172
Underground Storage Tanks 173
Chapter 8 Oil Pollution Act (OPA) 179
Overview 180
Spill Prevention 181
Spill Response 182
Liability and Penalties 186
Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund 189
Chapter 9 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) 193
Overview 194
Emergency Planning Provisions 196
Data Reporting 197
Toxic Release Inventory 198
Chapter 10 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) 203
Background 205
What Are Employers' Duties? 208
Health Standards 209
Setting Health Standards: Consensus, Permanent,
Emergency Temporary 210
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) 214
Records and Reporting 218
Monitoring and Enforcement 219
Chapter 11 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 225
Scope and Implementation 226
New Chemicals Program 228
Existing Chemicals 233
Significant New Use 235
Chapter 12 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 241
Background 242
Pesticide Registration Program 245
Removing Pesticides from the Market 250
Regulation of Pesticide Use 253
Nearly Exclusive Federal Control 255
Chapter 13 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) 261
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