Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen Simulation

Informationen zum Autor WILLIAM L. LUYBEN, PhD, is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Lehigh University where he has taught for over forty-five years. Dr. Luyben spent nine years as an engineer with Exxon and DuPont. He has published fourteen books and more than 250 original research papers. Dr. Luyben is a 2003 recipient of the Computing Practice Award from the CAST Division of the AIChE. He was elected to the Process Control Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2011, the Separations Division of the AIChE recognized his contributions to distillation technology by a special honors session. Klappentext Learn how to develop optimal steady-state designs for distillation systemsAs the search for new energy sources grows ever more urgent, distillation remains at the forefront among separation methods in the chemical, petroleum, and energy industries. Most importantly, as renewable sources of energy and chemical feedstocks continue to be developed, distillation design and control will become ever more important in our ability to ensure global sustainability.Using the commercial simulators Aspen Plus(r) and Aspen Dynamics(r), this text enables readers to develop optimal steady-state designs for distillation systems. Moreover, readers will discover how to develop effective control structures. While traditional distillation texts focus on the steady-state economic aspects of distillation design, this text also addresses such issues as dynamic performance in the face of disturbances.Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen(tm) Simulation introduces the current status and future implications of this vital technology from the perspectives of steady-state design and dynamics. The book begins with a discussion of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium and then explains the core methods and approaches for analyzing distillation columns. Next, the author covers such topics as:* Setting up a steady-state simulation* Distillation economic optimization* Steady-state calculations for control structure selection* Control of petroleum fractionators* Design and control of divided-wall columns* Pressure-compensated temperature control in distillation columnsSynthesizing four decades of research breakthroughs and practical applications in this dynamic field, Distillation Design and Control Using Aspen(tm) Simulation is a trusted reference that enables both students and experienced engineers to solve a broad range of challenging distillation problems. Zusammenfassung The new edition of this book greatly updates and expands the previous edition. It boasts new chapters on the divided wall column and carbon dioxide capture from stack gas, revises the design and control of distillation systems, and explains the use of dynamic simulation to study safety issues in the event of operating failures. Inhaltsverzeichnis PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xv PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xvii 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM (VLE) 1 1.1 Vapor Pressure 1 1.2 Binary VLE Phase Diagrams 3 1.3 Physical Property Methods 7 1.4 Relative Volatility 7 1.5 Bubble Point Calculations 8 1.6 Ternary Diagrams 9 1.7 VLE Nonideality 11 1.8 Residue Curves for Ternary Systems 15 1.9 Distillation Boundaries 22 1.10 Conclusions 25 Reference 27 2 ANALYSIS OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS 29 2.1 Design Degrees of Freedom 29 2.2 Binary McCabe-Thiele Method 30 2.2.1 Operating Lines 32 2.2.2 q-Line 33 2.2.3 Stepping Off Trays 35 2.2.4 Effect of Parameters 35 2.2.5 Limiting Conditions 36 2.3 Approximate Multicomponent Methods 36 2.3.1 Fenske Equation for Minimum Number of Trays 37 2.3.2 Underwood Equations for Minimum Reflux Ratio 37 2.4 Conclusions 38 3 SETTIN...

List of contents

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xv
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xvii
 
1 FUNDAMENTALS OF VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM (VLE) 1
 
1.1 Vapor Pressure / 1
 
1.2 Binary VLE Phase Diagrams / 3
 
1.3 Physical Property Methods / 7
 
1.4 Relative Volatility / 7
 
1.5 Bubble Point Calculations / 8
 
1.6 Ternary Diagrams / 9
 
1.7 VLE Nonideality / 11
 
1.8 Residue Curves for Ternary Systems / 15
 
1.9 Distillation Boundaries / 22
 
1.10 Conclusions / 25
 
Reference / 27
 
2 ANALYSIS OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS 29
 
2.1 Design Degrees of Freedom / 29
 
2.2 Binary McCabe-Thiele Method / 30
 
2.2.1 Operating Lines / 32
 
2.2.2 q-Line / 33
 
2.2.3 Stepping Off Trays / 35
 
2.2.4 Effect of Parameters / 35
 
2.2.5 Limiting Conditions / 36
 
2.3 Approximate Multicomponent Methods / 36
 
2.3.1 Fenske Equation for Minimum Number of Trays / 37
 
2.3.2 Underwood Equations for Minimum Reflux Ratio / 37
 
2.4 Conclusions / 38
 
3 SETTING UP A STEADY-STATE SIMULATION 39
 
3.1 Configuring a New Simulation / 39
 
3.2 Specifying Chemical Components and Physical Properties / 46
 
3.3 Specifying Stream Properties / 51
 
3.4 Specifying Parameters of Equipment / 52
 
3.4.1 Column C1 / 52
 
3.4.2 Valves and Pumps / 55
 
3.5 Running the Simulation / 57
 
3.6 Using Design Spec/Vary Function / 58
 
3.7 Finding the Optimum Feed Tray and Minimum Conditions / 70
 
3.7.1 Optimum Feed Tray / 70
 
3.7.2 Minimum Reflux Ratio / 71
 
3.7.3 Minimum Number of Trays / 71
 
3.8 Column Sizing / 72
 
3.8.1 Length / 72
 
3.8.2 Diameter / 72
 
3.9 Conceptual Design / 74
 
3.10 Conclusions / 80
 
4 DISTILLATION ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION 81
 
4.1 Heuristic Optimization / 81
 
4.1.1 Set Total Trays to Twice Minimum Number of Trays / 81
 
4.1.2 Set Reflux Ratio to 1.2 Times Minimum Reflux Ratio / 83
 
4.2 Economic Basis / 83
 
4.3 Results / 85
 
4.4 Operating Optimization / 87
 
4.5 Optimum Pressure for Vacuum Columns / 92
 
4.6 Conclusions / 94
 
5 MORE COMPLEX DISTILLATION SYSTEMS 95
 
5.1 Extractive Distillation / 95
 
5.1.1 Design / 99
 
5.1.2 Simulation Issues / 101
 
5.2 Ethanol Dehydration / 105
 
5.2.1 VLLE Behavior / 106
 
5.2.2 Process Flowsheet Simulation / 109
 
5.2.3 Converging the Flowsheet / 112
 
5.3 Pressure-Swing Azeotropic Distillation / 115
 
5.4 Heat-Integrated Columns / 121
 
5.4.1 Flowsheet / 121
 
5.4.2 Converging for Neat Operation / 122
 
5.5 Conclusions / 126
 
6 STEADY-STATE CALCULATIONS FOR CONTROL STRUCTURE SELECTION 127
 
6.1 Control Structure Alternatives / 127
 
6.1.1 Dual-Composition Control / 127
 
6.1.2 Single-End Control / 128
 
6.2 Feed Composition Sensitivity Analysis (ZSA) / 128
 
6.3 Temperature Control Tray Selection / 129
 
6.3.1 Summary of Methods / 130
 
6.3.2 Binary Propane/Isobutane System / 131
 
6.3.3 Ternary BTX System / 135
 
6.3.4 Ternary Azeotropic System / 139
 
6.4 Conclusions / 144
 
Reference / 144
 
7 CONVERTING FROM STEADY-STATE TO DYNAMIC SIMULATION 145
 
7.1 Equipment Sizing / 146
 
7.2 Exporting to Aspen Dynamics / 148
 
7.3 Opening the Dynamic Simulation in Aspen Dynamics / 150
 
7.4 Installing Basic Controllers / 152
 
7.4.1 Reflux / 1

Product details

• Authors: Luyben, William L Luyben, William L. Luyben, Wl Luyben, Luyben William L.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 17.05.2013
• EAN: 9781118411438
• ISBN: 978-1-118-41143-8
• No. of pages: 512
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Chemical engineering; Chemie, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Allg. Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie, Petrochemistry / Fuel