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Informationen zum Autor Robert Mason is a Professor in the Departments of Marine Sciences and Chemistry at the University of Connecticut. His research focuses on the chemistry, fate, transport and bioaccumulation of trace metals in the marine and freshwater environments, with a focus on exchanges at the primary interfaces (air/water and sediment/water) and on transformations (methylation/demethylation, oxidation/reduction). Mercury biogeochemistry has been the primary focus of much of his research. Klappentext This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights.Specific examples deal with metals that are of particular scientific interest, such as mercury, iron, arsenic and zinc, and the book deals with both pollutant and required (nutrient) metals and metalloids. The underlying chemical principles controlling toxicity and bioavailability of these elements to microorganisms and to the aquatic food chain are also discussed.Readership: Graduate students studying environmental chemistry and related topics, as well as scientists and managers interested in the cycling of trace substances in aqueous systemsAdditional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/mason/tracemetals. Zusammenfassung This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface, ix About the companion website, x 1 Introduction, 1 1.1 A historical background to metal aquatic chemistry, 1 1.2 Historical problems with metal measurements in environmental media, 5 1.3 Recent advances in aquatic metal analysis, 9 References, 10 Problems, 12 2 An introduction to the cycling of metals in the biosphere, 13 2.1 The hydrologic cycle, 13 2.2 An introduction to the global cycling of trace metal(loid)s, 15 2.2.1 The sources and cycling of metal(loid)s in the biosphere, 15 2.2.2 Metal(loid) partitioning and solubility in natural waters, 16 2.2.3 Human infl uence over metal(loid) fate and transport, 19 2.2.4 Trace metal(loid) inputs to the atmosphere, 25 2.2.5 Metal(loid)s in the terrestrial environment and freshwater ecosystems, 26 2.2.6 The transport of metal(loid)s to the ocean, 30 2.2.7 Trace metal(loid)s in ocean waters, 33 2.2.8 Trace metal(loid) inputs from hydrothermal vents, 36 2.3 Global cycles of some important trace metals, 38 2.3.1 The global cycles of cadmium, copper, and zinc, 39 2.3.2 The global cycle of mercury and lead, 41 2.4 Chapter summary, 44 References, 44 Problems, 47 3 Chemical thermodynamics and metal(loid) complexation in natural waters, 49 3.1 Thermodynamic background for understanding trace metal(loid) complexation, 49 3.1.1 The relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant, 51 3.1.2 Ionic strength effects, 52 3.1.3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics and steady state, 54 3.2 Bonding, electronic confi guration, and complex formation, 55 3.2.1 Ligand Field Theory, 58 3.2.2 Thermodynamic effects of orbital splitting, 61 3.2.3 I...
