Introductory Biostatistics

Maintaining the same accessible and hands-on presentation, Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition continues to provide an organized introduction to basic statistical concepts commonly applied in research across the health sciences. With plenty of real-world examples, the new edition provides a practical, modern approach to the statistical topics found in the biomedical and public health fields.
 
Beginning with an overview of descriptive statistics in the health sciences, the book delivers topical coverage of probability models, parameter estimation, and hypothesis testing. Subsequently, the book focuses on more advanced topics with coverage of regression analysis, logistic regression, methods for count data, analysis of survival data, and designs for clinical trials. This extensive update of Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition includes:
 
* A new chapter on the use of higher order Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in factorial and block designs
 
* A new chapter on testing and inference methods for repeatedly measured outcomes including continuous, binary, and count outcomes
 
* R incorporated throughout along with SAS(r), allowing readers to replicate results from presented examples with either software
 
* Multiple additional exercises, with partial solutions available to aid comprehension of crucial concepts
 
* Notes on Computations sections to provide further guidance on the use of software
 
* A related website that hosts the large data sets presented throughout the book
 
Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate students in introductory biostatistics courses. The book is also an ideal reference for applied statisticians working in the fields of public health, nursing, dentistry, and medicine.

List of contents

Preface to the First Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
About the Companion Website xix
 
1 Descriptive Methods for Categorical Data 1
1.1 Proportions 1
1.1.1 Comparative Studies 2
1.1.2 Screening Tests 5
1.1.3 Displaying Proportions 7
1.2 Rates 10
1.2.1 Changes 11
1.2.2 Measures of Morbidity and Mortality 13
1.2.3 Standardization of Rates 15
1.3 Ratios 18
1.3.1 Relative Risk 18
1.3.2 Odds and Odds Ratio 18
1.3.3 Generalized Odds for Ordered 2 × k Tables 21
1.3.4 Mantel-Haenszel Method 25
1.3.5 Standardized Mortality Ratio 28
1.4 Notes on Computations 30
Exercises 32
 
2 Descriptive Methods for Continuous Data 55
2.1 Tabular and Graphical Methods 55
2.1.1 One?]way Scatter Plots 55
2.1.2 Frequency Distribution 56
2.1.3 Histogram and Frequency Polygon 60
2.1.4 Cumulative Frequency Graph and Percentiles 64
2.1.5 Stem and Leaf Diagrams 68
2.2 Numerical Methods 69
2.2.1 Mean 69
2.2.2 Other Measures of Location 72
2.2.3 Measures of Dispersion 73
2.2.4 Box Plots 76
2.3 Special Case of Binary Data 77
2.4 Coefficients of Correlation 78
2.4.1 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient 80
2.4.2 Nonparametric Correlation Coefficients 83
2.5 Notes on Computations 85
Exercises 87
 
3 Probability and Probability Models 103
3.1 Probability 103
3.1.1 Certainty of Uncertainty 104
3.1.2 Probability 104
3.1.3 Statistical Relationship 106
3.1.4 Using Screening Tests 109
3.1.5 Measuring Agreement 112
3.2 Normal Distribution 114
3.2.1 Shape of the Normal Curve 114
3.2.2 Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve 116
3.2.3 Normal Distribution as a Probability Model 122
3.3 Probability Models for Continuous Data 124
3.4 Probability Models for Discrete Data 125
3.4.1 Binomial Distribution 126
3.4.2 Poisson Distribution 128
3.5 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 130
3.5.1 Mean and Variance 130
3.5.2 Pair?]Matched Case-Control Study 130
3.6 Notes on Computations 132
Exercises 134
 
4 Estimation of Parameters 141
4.1 Basic Concepts 142
4.1.1 Statistics as Variables 143
4.1.2 Sampling Distributions 143
4.1.3 Introduction to Confidence Estimation 145
4.2 Estimation of Means 146
4.2.1 Confidence Intervals for a Mean 147
4.2.2 Uses of Small Samples 149
4.2.3 Evaluation of Interventions 151
4.3 Estimation of Proportions 153
4.4 Estimation of Odds Ratios 157
4.5 Estimation of Correlation Coefficients 160
4.6 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 163
4.7 Notes on Computations 165
Exercises 166
 
5 Introduction to Statistical tests of Significance 179
5.1 Basic Concepts 180
5.1.1 Hypothesis Tests 181
5.1.2 Statistical Evidence 182
5.1.3 Errors 182
5.2 Analogies 185
5.2.1 Trials by Jury 185
5.2.2 Medical Screening Tests 186
5.2.3 Common Expectations 186
5.3 Summaries and Conclusions 187
5.3.1 Rejection Region 187
5.3.2 p Values 189
5.3.3 Relationship to Confidence Intervals 191
5.4 Brief Notes on the Fundamentals 193
5.4.1 Type I and Type II Errors 193
5.4.2 More about Errors and p Values 194
Exercises 194
 
6 Comparison of Population Proportions 197
6.1 One?]Sample Problem with Binary Data 197
6.2 Analysis of Pair?]Matched Data 199
6.3 Comparison of Two Proportions 202
6.4 Mantel-Haenszel Method 206
6.5 Inferences for General Two?]Way Tables 211
6.6 Fisher's Exact Test 217
6.7 Ordered 2 × K Contingency Tables 219
6.8 Notes on Computations 222
Exercises 222
 
7 Comparison of Population Means 235
7.1 One?]Sample Problem with Continuous Data 235
7.2 Analysis of Pair?]Matched Data 237
7.3 Comparison of Two Means 242
7.4 Nonparametric Methods 246
7.4.1 Wilcoxon Rank?]Sum Test 246
7.4.2 Wilcoxon Signed?]Rank Test 250
7.5 One?]Way Analysis of Variance 252
7.5.1 One?]way Analysis of Variance Model 253
7.5

About the author

Chap T. Le, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Biostatistics and Director of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at the University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center. He has provided statistical consulting for a variety of biomedical research projects, and he has worked on collaborations focusing on the analyses of survival and categorical data and, currently, in the areas of cancer and tobacco research. Dr. Le is the author of Health and Numbers: A Problems-Based Introduction to Biostatistics, Third Edition; Applied Categorical Data Analysis and Translational Research, Second Edition; and Applied Survival Analysis, all published by Wiley. Lynn E. Eberly, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Division of Biostatistics at the University of Minnesota. The author of more than 100 journal articles, Dr. Eberly has been a statistical collaborator in biomedical and public health research for more than 18 years. Her current research interests include methods for and applications to correlated data in neurodegenerative conditions, endocrinology, psychiatry/psychology, and cancer research.

Summary

Maintaining the same accessible and hands-on presentation, Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition continues to provide an organized introduction to basic statistical concepts commonly applied in research across the health sciences. With plenty of real-world examples, the new edition provides a practical, modern approach to the statistical topics found in the biomedical and public health fields.

Beginning with an overview of descriptive statistics in the health sciences, the book delivers topical coverage of probability models, parameter estimation, and hypothesis testing. Subsequently, the book focuses on more advanced topics with coverage of regression analysis, logistic regression, methods for count data, analysis of survival data, and designs for clinical trials. This extensive update of Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition includes:

* A new chapter on the use of higher order Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in factorial and block designs

* A new chapter on testing and inference methods for repeatedly measured outcomes including continuous, binary, and count outcomes

* R incorporated throughout along with SAS(r), allowing readers to replicate results from presented examples with either software

* Multiple additional exercises, with partial solutions available to aid comprehension of crucial concepts

* Notes on Computations sections to provide further guidance on the use of software

* A related website that hosts the large data sets presented throughout the book

Introductory Biostatistics, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate students in introductory biostatistics courses. The book is also an ideal reference for applied statisticians working in the fields of public health, nursing, dentistry, and medicine.

Product details

• Authors: Lynn Eberly, Lynn E Eberly, Lynn E. Eberly, Chap Le, Chap T Le, Chap T. Le, Chap T. (Cancer Center Le, Chap T. Eberly Le, Ct Le, LE CHAP T EBERLY LYNN
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 21.06.2016
• EAN: 9780470905401
• ISBN: 978-0-470-90540-1
• No. of pages: 624
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Mathematics > Probability theory, stochastic theory, mathematical statistics