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Presenting a comprehensive, all-in-one survey to broadband access technologies for triple play services, Broadband Access covers both the technology that is currently being deployed by network providers and the technology that has recently been or will soon be standardized for deployment in the next five years.
List of contents
About the Authors xv
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xix
1 Introduction to Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 A Brief History of the Access Network 2
1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) 3
1.4 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable (HFC) 5
1.5 Power Line Communications (PLC) 6
1.6 Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 7
1.7 Wireless Broadband Access 10
1.8 Direct Point-to-Point Connections 12
Appendix 1.A: Voiceband Modems 12
2 Introduction to Fiber Optic Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 A Brief History of Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 16
2.3 Introduction to PON Systems 18
2.4 FITL Technology Considerations 21
2.5 Introduction to PON Network Protection 30
2.6 Conclusions 42
Appendix 2.A: Subscriber Power Considerations 43
References 43
Further Reading 43
3 IEEE Passive Optical Networks 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet-based PON (EPON) 45
3.3 IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet-based PON (10G EPON) 54
3.4 Summary Comparison of EPON and 10G EPON 61
3.5 Transport of Timing and Synchronization over EPON and 10G EPON 61
3.6 Overview of the IEEE 1904.1 Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) 63
3.7 ITU-T G.9801 Ethernet Passive Optical Networks using OMCI 71
3.8 Conclusions 71
Appendix 3.A: 64B/66B Line Code 72
References 75
Further Readings 75
4 ITU-T/FSAN PON Protocols 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 ITU-T G.983 Series B-PON (Broadband PON) 78
4.3 ITU-T G.984 Series G-PON (Gigabit-capable PON) 79
4.4 Next Generation PON (NG-PON) 101
Appendix 4.A: Summary Comparison of EPON and G-PON 112
References 113
Further Readings 114
5 Optical Domain PON Technologies 115
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 WDMA (Wavelength Division Multiple Access) PON 115
5.3 CDMA PON 120
5.4 Point-to-Point Ethernet 122
5.5 Subcarrier Multiplexing and OFDM 123
5.6 Conclusions 125
References 126
Further Readings 126
6 Hybrid Fiber Access Technologies 127
6.1 Introduction and Background 127
6.2 Evolution of DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification) to Passive Optical Networks 127
6.3 Radio and Radio Frequency Signals over Fiber 135
6.4 IEEE 802.3bn Ethernet Protocol over Coaxial Cable (EPoC) 140
6.5 Conclusions 140
References 141
Further Readings 141
7 DSL Technology - Broadband via Telephone Lines 143
7.1 Introduction to DSL 143
7.2 DSL Compared to Other Access Technologies 144
7.3 DSL Overview 147
7.4 Transmission Channel and Impairments 156
7.5 DSL Transmission Techniques 170
References 174
Further Readings 174
8 The Family of DSL Technologies 175
8.1 ADSL 175
8.2 VDSL 179
8.3 Basic Rate Interface ISDN 184
8.4 HDSL, HDSL2, and HDLS4 185
8.5 SHDSL 185
8.6 G.fast (FTTC DSL) 187
Reference 188
9 Advanced DSL Techniques and Home Networking 189
9.1 Repeaters and Bonding 189
9.2 Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) 190
9.3 Vectored Transmission 190
9.4 Home Networking 195
References 195
Further Readings 195
