Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology

Informationen zum Autor Alexei Verkhratsky is Professor of Neurophysiology and Chairman of the Division of Neuroscience at the University of Manchester, UK. Arthur Butt is Professor of Cellular Neurophysiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK. Klappentext This comprehensive advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells--the most numerous cells in the brain and an emerging field in neuroscience--offers detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system. An accompanying website offers downloadable figures and slides. Zusammenfassung This comprehensive advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells--the most numerous cells in the brain and an emerging field in neuroscience--offers detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xvii About the Authors xxi Abbreviations xxv About the Companion Website xxxii 1 History of Neuroscience and the Dawn of Research in Neuroglia 1 1.1 The miraculous human brain: localising the brain functions 1 1.2 Cellular organisation of the brain 10 1.3 Mechanisms of communications in neural networks 14 1.4 The concept of neuroglia 27 1.5 Beginning of the modern era 47 1.6 Concluding remarks 49 References 49 2 General Overview of Signalling in the Nervous System 59 2.1 Intercellular signalling: wiring and volume modes of transmission 59 2.2 Cellular signalling: receptors 62 2.3 Intracellular signalling: second messengers 67 2.4 Calcium signalling 67 2.5 Concluding remarks 72 3 Neuroglia: Definition, Classification, Evolution, Numbers, Development 73 3.1 Definition of neuroglia as homeostatic cells of the nervous system 74 3.2 Classification 75 3.3 Evolution of neuroglia 76 3.4 Numbers: how many glial cells are in the brain? 93 3.5 Embryogenesis and development of neuroglia in mammals 96 3.6 Concluding remarks 99 References 100 4 Astroglia 105 4.1 Definition and heterogeneity 107 4.2 Morphology of the main types of astroglia 113 4.3 How to identify astrocytes in the nervous tissue 119 4.4 Astroglial syncytial networks 120 4.5 Physiology of astroglia 125 4.6 Functions of astroglia 175 4.7 Concluding remarks 231 References 231 5 Oligodendrocytes 245 5.1 Oligodendrocyte anatomy 247 5.2 Myelin structure and function 252 5.3 Physiology of oligodendrocytes 266 5.4 Oligodendrocyte development 283 5.5 Concluding remarks 299 References 299 6 NG2-glial Cells 321 6.1 Definition of NG2-glia 321 6.2 Structure of NG2-glia 324 6.3 Physiology of NG2-glia 327 6.4 Proliferation of NG2-glia and generation of oligodendrocytes 332 6.5 Relationship between NG2-glia and CNS pericytes 333 6.6 Evolution of NG2-glia 336 6.7 Concluding remarks 337 References 337 7 Microglia 343 7.1 Definition of microglia 344 7.2 Microglial origin and development 345 7.3 Morphology of microglia 345 7.4 General physiology of microglia 351 7.5 Microglial migration and motility 372 7.6 Physiological functions of microglia: role in synaptic transmission and plasticity 373 7.7 Microglia in ageing 375 7.8 Concluding remarks 375 References 376 8 Peripheral Glial Cells 381 8.1 Peripheral nervous system 382 8.2 Schwann cells 390 8.3 Satellite glial cells 407 8.4 Enteric glia 412 8.5 Olfactory ensheathing cells (O...

List of contents

Preface xvii
 
About the Authors xxi
 
Abbreviations xxv
 
About the Companion Website xxxii
 
1 History of Neuroscience and the Dawn of Research in Neuroglia 1
 
1.1 The miraculous human brain: localising the brain functions 1
 
1.2 Cellular organisation of the brain 10
 

1.3 Mechanisms of communications in neural networks 14
 
1.4 The concept of neuroglia 27
 
1.5 Beginning of the modern era 47
 
1.6 Concluding remarks 49
 
References 49
 
2 General Overview of Signalling in the Nervous System 59
 
2.1 Intercellular signalling: wiring and volume modes of transmission 59
 
2.2 Cellular signalling: receptors 62
 
2.3 Intracellular signalling: second messengers 67
 
2.4 Calcium signalling 67
 
2.5 Concluding remarks 72
 
3 Neuroglia: Definition, Classification, Evolution, Numbers, Development 73
 
3.1 Definition of neuroglia as homeostatic cells of the nervous system 74
 
3.2 Classification 75
 
3.3 Evolution of neuroglia 76
 
3.4 Numbers: how many glial cells are in the brain? 93
 
3.5 Embryogenesis and development of neuroglia in mammals 96
 
3.6 Concluding remarks 99
 
References 100
 
4 Astroglia 105
 
4.1 Definition and heterogeneity 107
 
4.2 Morphology of the main types of astroglia 113
 
4.3 How to identify astrocytes in the nervous tissue 119
 
4.4 Astroglial syncytial networks 120
 
4.5 Physiology of astroglia 125
 
4.6 Functions of astroglia 175
 
4.7 Concluding remarks 231
 
References 231
 
5 Oligodendrocytes 245
 
5.1 Oligodendrocyte anatomy 247
 
5.2 Myelin structure and function 252
 

5.3 Physiology of oligodendrocytes 266
 
5.4 Oligodendrocyte development 283
 
5.5 Concluding remarks 299
 
References 299
 
6 NG2-glial Cells 321
 
6.1 Definition of NG2-glia 321
 
6.2 Structure of NG2-glia 324
 
6.3 Physiology of NG2-glia 327
 
6.4 Proliferation of NG2-glia and generation of oligodendrocytes 332
 
6.5 Relationship between NG2-glia and CNS pericytes 333
 
6.6 Evolution of NG2-glia 336
 
6.7 Concluding remarks 337
 
References 337
 
7 Microglia 343
 
7.1 Definition of microglia 344
 
7.2 Microglial origin and development 345
 
7.3 Morphology of microglia 345
 
7.4 General physiology of microglia 351
 
7.5 Microglial migration and motility 372
 
7.6 Physiological functions of microglia: role in synaptic transmission and plasticity 373
 
7.7 Microglia in ageing 375
 
7.8 Concluding remarks 375
 
References 376
 
8 Peripheral Glial Cells 381
 
8.1 Peripheral nervous system 382
 
8.2 Schwann cells 390
 
8.3 Satellite glial cells 407
 
8.4 Enteric glia 412
 
8.5 Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) 418
 
8.6 Concluding remarks 422
 
References 423
 
9 General Pathophysiology of Neuroglia 431
 
9.1 Neurological disorders as gliopathologies 431
 
9.2 Reactive astrogliosis 433
 
9.3 Wallerian degeneration 439
 
9.4 Excitotoxic vulnerability of oligodendrocytes: the death of white matter 442
 
9.5 Activation of microglia 444
 
9.6 Concluding remarks 449
 
References 450
 
10 Neuroglia in Neurological Diseases 453
 
10.1 Introduction 454
 
10.2 Genetic astrogliopathology: Alexander disease 456
 
10.3 Stroke and ischaemia 458
 
10.4 Migraine and

Product details

• Authors: Arthur Butt, Arthur Morgan Butt, A. N. Verkhratskii, a Verkhratsky, Alexei Verkhratsky, Alexei (University of Manchester Verkhratsky, Alexei Butt Verkhratsky, VERKHRATSKY ALEXEI BUTT ARTHUR M
• Assisted by: Arthur Butt (Editor), Arthur Morgan Butt (Editor), Morgan Butt (Editor), Morgan Butt (Editor), Alexe Verkhratsky (Editor), Alexei Verkhratsky (Editor), Verkhratsky Alexei (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 22.03.2013
• EAN: 9780470978528
• ISBN: 978-0-470-97852-8
• No. of pages: 560
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology; Neurowissenschaften, Neurophysiologie, Life Sciences, ZELLBIOLOGIE, Neuroscience, Biowissenschaften, Neurophysiology, Cell Biology