Financial Statement Fraud - Strategies for Detection and Investigation

Informationen zum Autor GERARD M. ZACK, CFE, CPA, CIA, is a fraud examiner and forensic accountant with more than thirty years of experience performing audits and investigating fraud. In addition to providing antifraud services to clients, he serves on the faculty of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, where he conducts antifraud training on financial statement fraud and other topics. He has also spoken at AICPA and IIA events. Klappentext Valuable guidance for staying one step ahead of financial statement fraudFinancial statement fraud is one of the most costly types of fraud and can have a direct financial impact on businesses and individuals, as well as harm investor confidence in the markets. While publications exist on financial statement fraud and roles and responsibilities within companies, there is a need for a practical guide on the different schemes that are used and detection guidance for these schemes. Financial Statement Fraud: Strategies for Detection and Investigation fills that need.* Describes every major and emerging type of financial statement fraud, using real-life cases to illustrate the schemes* Explains the underlying accounting principles, citing both U.S. GAAP and IFRS that are violated when fraud is perpetrated* Provides numerous ratios, red flags, and other techniques useful in detecting financial statement fraud schemes* Accompanying website provides full-text copies of documents filed in connection with the cases that are cited as examples in the book, allowing the reader to explore details of each case furtherStraightforward and insightful, Financial Statement Fraud provides comprehensive coverage on the different ways financial statement fraud is perpetrated, including those that capitalize on the most recent accounting standards developments, such as fair value issues. Zusammenfassung Valuable guidance for staying one step ahead of financial statement fraud Financial statement fraud is one of the most costly types of fraud and can have a direct financial impact on businesses and individuals, as well as harm investor confidence in the markets. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi PART I REVENUE-BASED SCHEMES 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Revenue-Based Financial Reporting Fraud Schemes 3 Revenue Recognition Principles 3 Changes Proposed by FASB and IASB 5 Overview of Revenue-Based Schemes 6 Chapter 2 Timing Schemes 9 Alteration of Records 9 Shipping Schemes 10 Percentage of Completion Schemes 12 Improper Estimates of Revenue Recognition Period 15 Multiple-Element Revenue Recognition Schemes 17 Customer Loyalty Programs 22 Channel Stuffing 24 Bill and Hold Schemes 27 Sales with Right of Return 29 Improper Pushing of Current Revenue to Future Periods 30 Use of Reserves as a Rainy Day Fund 32 Chapter 3 Fictitious and Inflated Revenue 33 Fictitious Revenue Schemes 33 Sales to Related Parties 37 Infl ated Revenue Schemes 41 Consignment or Financing Arrangements 43 Chapter 4 Misclassification Schemes 47 Recording Financing Arrangements as Revenue 47 One-Time Credits Reported as Revenue 49 Sales Incentive Schemes 50 Chapter 5 Gross-Up Schemes 57 Agent versus Principal 58 Barter and Round-Trip Transactions 59 Phony Revenue and Expenses 61 PART II ASSET-BASED SCHEMES 63 Chapter 6 Improper Capitalization of Costs 65 Start-Up Costs 66 Research and Development Costs 67 Property and Equipment 68 Software Development and Acquisition Costs 71 Website Costs 73 Intangible Assets 75 Advertising Costs 77 Other Deferrals and Prepaid Expenses 79 Inventory Capitalization Schemes ...

List of contents

Foreword xiii

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

PART I REVENUE-BASED SCHEMES 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Revenue-Based Financial Reporting Fraud Schemes 3

Revenue Recognition Principles 3

Changes Proposed by FASB and IASB 5

Overview of Revenue-Based Schemes 6

Chapter 2 Timing Schemes 9

Alteration of Records 9

Shipping Schemes 10

Percentage of Completion Schemes 12

Improper Estimates of Revenue Recognition Period 15

Multiple-Element Revenue Recognition Schemes 17

Customer Loyalty Programs 22

Channel Stuffing 24

Bill and Hold Schemes 27

Sales with Right of Return 29

Improper Pushing of Current Revenue to Future Periods 30

Use of Reserves as a Rainy Day Fund 32

Chapter 3 Fictitious and Inflated Revenue 33

Fictitious Revenue Schemes 33

Sales to Related Parties 37

Infl ated Revenue Schemes 41

Consignment or Financing Arrangements 43

Chapter 4 Misclassification Schemes 47

Recording Financing Arrangements as Revenue 47

One-Time Credits Reported as Revenue 49

Sales Incentive Schemes 50

Chapter 5 Gross-Up Schemes 57

Agent versus Principal 58

Barter and Round-Trip Transactions 59

Phony Revenue and Expenses 61

PART II ASSET-BASED SCHEMES 63

Chapter 6 Improper Capitalization of Costs 65

Start-Up Costs 66

Research and Development Costs 67

Property and Equipment 68

Software Development and Acquisition Costs 71

Website Costs 73

Intangible Assets 75

Advertising Costs 77

Other Deferrals and Prepaid Expenses 79

Inventory Capitalization Schemes 80

Inventory Flow Assumptions 81

Chapter 7 Asset Valuation Schemes 85

Fictitious Assets 85

Inventory Valuation Schemes 86

Inflating the Basis of Property and Equipment 88

Inflating the Basis of Assets Acquired in Noncash Transactions 89

Assets Acquired from Related Parties 92

Understating Depreciation and Amortization Expense 93

Investment Property 95

Improper Valuation of Investments-Financial Assets 96

Loans 104

Equity Method Investments 108

Proportionate Consolidation 109

Improper Classification or Amortization of Intangible Assets 111

Impairment Losses-Nonfinancial Assets 112

Investments in Insurance Contracts 115

Chapter 8 Fair Value Accounting 117

Fair Value Considerations 117

Methods of Measuring Fair Value 118

Internal versus Externally Developed Valuations 124

Inputs Used in Measuring Fair Value 127

PART III EXPENSE AND LIABILITY SCHEMES 129

Chapter 9 Shifting Expenses to Future Periods 131

Timing Schemes Involving Liabilities 131

Accounts Payable 131

Compensated Absences 132

Contingent Liabilities 133

Accrued Compensation 137

Improper Use of Liability "Reserves" 138

Chapter 10 Omissions and Underreporting of Liabilities 141

Debt 141

Guarantees 146

Pension Liabilities 149

Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations 152

PART IV OTHER FINANCIAL REPORTING SCHEMES 155

Chapter 11 Consolidations and Business Combinations 157

Fraudulent Reporting Involving Consolidations 157

Business Combinations 164

Chapter 12 Financial Reporting Fraud as a Concealment Tool 171

Financial Statement Fraud to Conceal Asset Misappropriations 171

Financial Statement Fraud to Conceal Illegal Acts 174

Chapter 13 Financial Statement Fraud by Not-for-Profit Organizations 177

Inflating the Value of Non-Cash Contributions 179

Improperly Reporting Contributions Raised for Others 179

Netting the Results of Fund-Raising Events 180

Improper Allocation of Costs Associated with Joint Activities 182

Misclassification of Expenses 185

Chapter 14 Disclosure Fraud 187

Categories of Disclosure Fraud 189

Common Disclosure Risks 189

PART V DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION 197

Chapter 15 Detecting Financial Statement Fraud 199

Motives for Financial Statement Fraud 200

Fraud Risk Indicators 202

Internal Control Indicators 202

Chapter 16 Financial Statement Analys

Product details

• Authors: Zack, Gerard M Zack, Gerard M. Zack, Gm Zack, ZACK GERARD M, Zack Gerard M.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 04.01.2013
• EAN: 9781118301555
• ISBN: 978-1-118-30155-5
• No. of pages: 320
• Series: Wiley Corporate F&A; Wiley Corporate F&A (Unnumbere; Wiley Corporate F&A; Wiley Corporate F&A (Unnumbere
• Subjects: Social sciences, law, business > Business > Business administration; Rechnungswesen, Revision, Accounting, BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Accounting / General, BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Finance / General, Auditing, Corporate crime / white-collar crime, Revision (Wirtsch.), Budgeting and financial management, Finance and accounting