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D. BOULTER and B. PARTHIER At the time of the former edition of the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, approximately 25 years ago, no complete plant protein amino acid sequences or nucleic acid sequences had been determined. Although the structure of DNA and its function as the genetic material had just been reported, little detail was known of the mechanism of its action, and D. G. CATCHSIDE was to write in the first chapter of the first volume of the Encyclopedia: "There is a consider able body of evidence that the gene acts as a unit of physiological action through the control of individual enzymes". No cell-free transcription and pro tein-synthesizing systems were available and the whole range of powerful meth ods of recombinant DNA technology was still to be developed. Today for the first time with plant systems, it is possible not only to describe their molecular biology but also to manipulate it, i. e. , to move from a description to a technological phase. The properties of living systems are inscribed by those of the proteins and nucleic acids which they synthesize. Proteins, due to their very large size, occur as macromolecules in colloidal solution or associated in supra-molecular colloi dal form. The colloidal state confers low thermal conductivity, low diffusion coefficients and high viscosity, properties which buffer a biological system from the effects of a changing environment. Biological systems not only have great stability, but also the capacity to reproduce.
List of contents
I. Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Protein Amino Acids and Proteins.- 1 Ammonia Assimilation and Amino Acid Metabolism.- 2 Transfer RNA and Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Plants.- 3 Ribosomes, Polysomes and the Translation Process.- 4 Post-Translational Modifications.- 5 Protein Degradation.- 6 Physiological Aspects of Protein Turnover.- 7 Structures of Plant Proteins.- 8 Protein Types and Distribution.- 9 Cereal Storage Proteins: Structure and Role in Agriculture and Food Technology.- 10 Biochemistry and Physiology of Leaf Proteins.- 11 Microtubule Proteins and P-Proteins.- 12 Plant Peptides.- 13 Immunology.- II. Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Relation to Specific Plant Physiological Processes.- 14 Seed Development.- 15 Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth.- 16 Leaf Senescence.- 17 Macromolecular Aspects of Cell Wall Differentiation.- Author Index.- Plant Name Index.
