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The continuing growth of computed tomography (CT) and other imaging techniques motivated us to bring together a comprehensive review of the state of the art in diagnostic imaging. Twelve years after the first appearance of x-ray CT, computerized diagnostic imaging has grown so rapidly in sophistication that it is difficult to follow current developments in this diversified field. In this book, we have attempted to cover the basic developments in several areas. The first part includes some of the fundamental aspects of computerized diagnostic imaging such as algorithms and detectors. Specific applications in emission tomography, digital radiography, ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging are dealt with in the secondpart. The contributed papers are by experts currently in the field, whom we feel would certainly enlighten the subject matter and possibly suggest directions for future development. We would like to express our sincere thanks to those who have contributed to this volume. We are sure that their original papers will be beneficial for readers and will also remain as an important reference for researchers in the years to come. We would also like to thank Betty Trent for her expert and patient typing of the entire book. Finally, special thanks are due to Mrs. Ingeborg Mayer of Springer-Verlag for her encouragements, support and patience throughout the preparation of this book.
List of contents
Methods and Algorithms Toward 3-D Volume Image Reconstruction with Projections.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reconstruction Algorithms.- 3. Algorithm for Generalized Volume Image Reconstruction.- Extended TTR Algorithm for Volume Imaging.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- Direct Fourier Reconstruction Techniques in NMR Tomography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Image Formation with Direct Fourier Transformation.- 3. Computer Simulation Results.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- Radiation Detectors for CT Instrumentation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Perspective.- 3. Basic Theoretical Concepts.- 4. Candidates.- 5. Advanced Concepts.- 6. New Sensors.- References.- Positron Emission Tomography - Basic Principles, Corrections and Camera Design.- 1. Basic Principles.- 2. Corrections.- 3. Positron Camera Design.- References.- Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Potentials and Limitations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Review of SPECT System Configuration.- 3. Photon Imaging Process for Lesion Detection.- 4. Factors Affecting Signal Level and Lesion Contrast in SPECT.- 5. Factors Affecting SPECT Image Noise.- 6. SPECT Lesion Detectability Equation.- 7. SPECT Lesion Detectability Estimate.- 8. Summary and Discussions.- References.- Energy Selective Digital Radiography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vector Space Descriptions of the X-ray Attenuation Coefficient.- 3. Attenuation Coefficients and Line Integrals.- 4. Computation of Energy Selective Information.- 5. Material Selective Images.- 6. Tissue Characterization..- 7. Hybrid Subtraction.- 8. Signal and Noise in Energy Selective Radiography....- References.- Matched Filtering for Digital Subtraction Angiography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. SNR Optimum Technique - Matched Filter.- 3. Matched Filter Performance.- 4. Summary.- References.- FunctionalAnalysis of Angiograms by Digital Image Processing Techniques.- 1. Imaging of Structure and Function.- 2. Motion Analysis and Function.- 3. Development of Videoangiographic Image Analysis.- 4. Image Processing Techniques for Motion Extraction.- 5. Parameter Extraction for Angiograms.- 6. Quantitative Volume Flow Measurements.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- Acoustical Imaging: History, Applications, Principles and Limitations.- 1. Introduction..- 2. History, Principles and Applications.- 3. Digital Processing of Acoustical Images.- 4. Potential, Limitations and Tradeoffs.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- Ultrasound Tomography by Galerkin or Moment Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ultrasonic Imaging by Solution of the Inverse Scattering Problem.- 3. Formulation of Equations Which May Be Solved for Direct and Inverse Scattering Solutions.- 4. Algebraic Scattering Equations Derived Using Sine Basis Functions.- 5. Methods for Solving Model Equations for Case of ?p = o.- 6. Results of Computer Simulation Studies.- 7. Summary..- References.- NMR Imaging: Principles, Algorithms and Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of NMR Tomography.- 3. Image Formation Algorithms.- 4. Some Instrumentation Problems and Requirements.- 5. Proposed Scheme: An Example Applied to the Projection Reconstruction.- 6. Conclusions..- References.
