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The ocean plays a central role in determining the climate of the earth. The oceanic circulation largely controls the temporal evolution of cli mate changes resulting from human activities such as the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and also affects the magnitude and regional distribution of those changes. On interannual and longer time scales the ocean is, through its interaction with the atmosphere, a source of important natural climate variations which we are only now beginning to recognise but whose cause has yet to be properly determined. Chem ical and biological processes in the ocean are linked to climate change, particularly through interaction with the global carbon cycle. A quantitative understanding of the oceanic role in the climate system requires models which include many complex processes and interactions, and which are systematically verified with observations. This is the ob jective of global research programs such as TOGA, WOCE, and JGOFS. Coupled numerical models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation constitute the basis of every climate simulation. Increasingly it is recog nized that in addition a biological/chemical component is necessary to capture the pathways of carbon and other trace gases. The development of such coupled models is a challenging task which needs scientists who must be cognizant of several other disciplines beyond their own specialty.
List of contents
The Modelling of Hydrological Processes in the Atmosphere.- Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions in the Tropics.- Oceanic General Circulation: Wave and Advection Dynamics.- On the Oceanic Thermohaline Circulation.- Parameterizing the Effects of Small-Scale Mixing in Large-Scale Numerical Models.- Links of the Southern Ocean to the Global Climate.- Modelling Sea Ice-Mixed Layer Interaction.- Biochemical Properties of the Oceanic Carbon Cycle.- The Global Carbon Cycle in the Climate System.- Ocean Biology, Trace Metals and Climate.- Modelling Climatic Interactions of the Marine Biota.- Design of a 3D Biogeochemical Tracer Model for the Ocean.
