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Plants are a major source of medicines, flavors, fragrances, and various pharmaceutical and industrial products. Biotechnology is being put to the service for mass clonal propagation of plants, and to produce impor tant secondary products in cell cultures. In some cases cell cultures ac cumulate higher amounts of products than the intact plant cells in situ, and such cultures can be stored through immobilization and cryopreser vation. An in vitro-produced anti-inflammatory drug, shikonin, has been commercialized, and the recent observations on the increased pro duction of atropine and hyoscyamine by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformed "hairy roots" have encouraged the acceptance of such biotechnologies by the pharmaceutical industry. In an earlier volume, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I, various aspects of in-vitro culture of cells, bioreactors, micropropagation, im mobilization, and cryopreservation were discussed. The present volume concerns the application of these biotechnologies to 29 genera of medicinal and aromatic plants. It deals with the distribution, economic importance, conventional propagation, micro propagation, review of tissue culture studies, and the in-vitro production of important medicinal and pharmaceutical compounds in various species of Angelica, Anisodus, Basel/a, Bupleurum, Camellia, Co ix, Coptis, Cryp tomeria, Datura, Dioscorea, Foeniculum, Gardenia, Geigeria, Heimia, Humulus, Hyoscyamus, Jasminum, Macleaya, Mucuna, Nicotiana, Pimpinel/a, Rauwolfia, Ruta, Salvia, So/anum, Saponaria, Stevia, Tabernaemontana, and Zingiber. The potential role of biotechnology for industrial production is discussed. Biotechnology enables the production and isolation of products of higher purity and also opens the possibility of making desired molecular alterations in products.
List of contents
I Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Medicinal Compounds.- II Anisodus acutangulus: Production of Scopolamine and Hyoscyamine in Cell Cultures.- III Basella alba L.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Betalains.- IV Bupleurum falcatum L.: Embryogenesis and the Production of Saikosaponins.- V Camellia sinensis L. (Tea): In Vitro Regeneration.- VI Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Jobstears): In Vitro Regeneration.- VII Coptis: In Vitro Regeneration of Plants and the Production of Berberine.- VIII Cryptomeria japonica Don (Japanese Cedar): In Vitro Production of Volatile Oils.- IX Datura spp.: In Vitro Regeneration and the Production of Tropanes.- X Dioscorea: In Vitro Culture and the Micropropagation of Diosgenin-Containing Species.- XI Foeniculum vulgare Miller: Cell Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Anethole.- XII Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: In Vitro Propagation and the Formation of Iridoid Glucosides.- XIII Geigeria aspera Harv.: In Vitro Culture and Medicinal Value of Sesquiterpene Lactones.- XIV Heimia salicifolia: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Phenyl- and Biphenylquinolizidines.- XV Humulus lupulus L. (Hop): In Vitro Culture; Attempted Production of Bittering Components and Novel Disease Resistance.- XVI Hyoscyamus spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Tropane Alkaloids.- XVII Jasminum spp. (Jasmine): Micropropagation and the Production of Essential Oils.- XVIII Macleaya spp.: Morphogenesis and the Production of Secondary Metabolites.- XIX Mucuna pruriens: In Vitro Production of L-DOPA.- XX Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tobacco): In Vitro Production of Nicotine.- XXI Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise): Cell Culture, Somatic Embryogenesis, and the Production of Anise Oil.- XXII Rauwolfia serpentina: In VitroCulture and the Production of Ajmaline.- XXIII Salvia miltiorrhiza: In Vitro Production of Cryptotanshinone and Ferruginol.- XXIV Saponaria officinalis L.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Triterpenoidal Saponins.- XXV Solanum aviculare Forst., Solanum laciniatum Ait. (Poroporo): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Solasodine.- XXVI Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni: Production of Natural Sweeteners.- XXVII Ruta graveolens: In Vitro Production of Alkaloids and Medicinal Compounds.- XXVIII Tabernaemontana spp.: In Vitro Production of Indole and Biogenetically Related Alkaloids.- XXIX Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger): In Vitro Propagation and the Production of Volatile Constituents.
