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One of the most amazing and spectacular developments in modern radiology has been the rapid growth and expansion of so-called interventional radiology, which can also be described as minimally invasive therapy guided by radiological imaging. Many applications of this method are now widely in use in different organs, particularly in the vascular system. Everybody is well aware of the shortcomings and drawbacks of the radiological modalities currently used for guiding minimally invasive procedures. Ultrasound, although it has the advantage of being absolutely harmless to the patient and the operator, cannot be used for many procedures because it does not provide the precise anatomical information needed for a safe performance of these procedures. Rontgen rays provide superb anatomical insight to guide delicate manipulations inside the human body, but as operations tend to become longer and more complicated, the radia tion dose for patients, as well as for operators, is becoming an increasing source of concern. It is therefore logical that we should explore the possibilities for interventional radiological procedures provided by the latest imaging modality -magnetic resonan ce imaging -taking advantage of the specific physical properties of this method and the absence of ionizing radiation. It soon became evident that this new approach represents a tremendous challenge involving the development of new hardware and software, new catheters and other material that can be used in a magnetic environment, etc.
List of contents
MR Imager Configurations.- 1 Interventional MRI with an Open Low-Field System.- 2 Interventional MR with a Mid-Field Open System.- 3 Interventional MR with a Hybrid High-Field System.- Instrument Visualization in the MR Environment.- 4 Principles of Passive Visualization.- 5 Passive Visualization of Needles.- 6 Susceptibility-Based Catheter Visualization.- 7 Field Inhomogeneity-Based Catheter Visualization.- 8 Active Visualization - MR Tracking.- 9 Active Visualization - MR Profiling.- 10 External Referencing Systems.- Safety and Imaging Aspects in Interventional MRI.- 11 Safety Issues in the MR Environment.- 12 Patient Monitoring in the MR Environment.- 13 Fast Imaging Techniques for MR-Guided Biopsies.- Transcutaneous MR-Guided Interventions.- 14 MR-Guided Biopsy of the Abdomen.- 15 MR-Guided Biopsy of the Bone.- 16 MR-Guided Lesion Localization and Biopsy of the Breast.- 17 MR-Guided Cholecystostomy in Pigs.- 18 Real-Time MR-Guided Neurosurgical Interventions.- 19 Neuronavigation of Cerebral Lesions.- 20 MR-Guided Biopsies of the Head and Neck.- Principles of MR-Guided Interstitial Therapy.- 21 Temperature-Sensitive MR Sequences.- 22 MR-Guided Laser Therapy.- 23 MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery.- 24 MR-Guided Cryotherapy.- 25 MR-Guided RF Treatment.- Clinical Applications of MR-Guided Interstitial Therapy.- 26 Interstitial Laser Therapy of Brain Lesions.- 27 Interstitial Laser Therapy of Head and Neck Lesions.- 28 Interstitial Laser Therapy of Liver Lesions.- 29 Interstitial Therapy of Prostate Lesions.- 30 Interstitial Laser Therapy of Breast Lesions.- Intraoperative MRI.- 31 Image-Guided Neurosurgery with Intraoperative MRI.- Interventional MR Angiography.- 32 Intravascular Applications of Field Inhomogeneity Catheters: In Vivo Results.- 33 IntravascularInterventions with Active MR Tracking.- 34 Intravascular MRI.- A Critical Perspective.- 35 Interventional Radiology and Interventional MRI.- Instrumentation Vendors.- 36 MR-Compatible Instrumentation.- List of Contributors.
