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An excellent survey of the most recent advances in the area of cellular and molecular biology of glial cells and their involvement in remyelination and functional repair in the CNS. A major part of this book deals with signaling paths within and among neural cells. Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodentrocytes, microglial cells) themselves release substantial amounts of cytokines, growth factors and other signaling molecules, which play an important role during injury and regeneration. Another signaling route between neurons and glial cells follows ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. In addition to animal models, human oligodentrocytes in cell culture and in the human MS brain are characterized with respect to their immunocytochemistry and function.
List of contents
1 Signaling for Glial Cells.- Cytokines, Growth Factors and Their Intracellular Cascades.- Origins and early development of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.- Cytokine and growth factor synthesis in human astrocytes.- Mature pig astrocytes do not respond to NGF as oligodendrocytes do.- Endopeptidase-24.11/common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen CD 10 in Schwann cells: evidence for a role in nerve development and regeneration.- Regulation of oligodendrocyte development by the LIF cytokine subfamily: studies of the neonatal lineage cultured from rat cerebrum.- HlV-1 Env and glutamate induction of NO, IL1, and TNF.- Proteinkinase C stimulation induces astrocyte and oligodendrocyte proliferation, demyelination and enhanced remyelination in aggregating rat brain cell cultures.- Monosialogangliosides and nerve growth factor stimulate synthesis of glycoproteins in glioma cells.- Ion Channels and Neurotransmitter Receptors.- Responses of oligodendrocytes to classical neurotransmitters: signaling pathways.- Ion channel expression and function in astrocytic scars.- Ion channel expression in glial cells from trout CNS.- Ion channel reorganization during remyelination.- Gap junction expression in myelinating cells.- 2 Genes and Proteins of Myelin.- Structure, Regulation and Function.- CNS myelination: What can we learn from phylogeny?.- The proteolipid protein gene family in the central nervous system of fish.- Molecular structure of myelin genes in the CNS of trout.- Transcriptional controls in the oligodendrocyte lineage.- Regulation of MBP mRNA translocation in oligodendrocytes.- Molecular cloning of new basic helix-loop-helix proteins from the mammalian central nervous system.- 3 Neural Repair Mechanisms in the CNS.- Cellular Responses to Injury.- Microglial and astroglial activation patterns in neural graft rejection and neuronal and axonal degeneration.- The effect of myelin disruption on spinal cord regeneration.- Does myelin inhibit regeneration and remyelination ?.- Aspects of remyelination by endogenous and transplanted glial cells in regenerating goldfish visual system.- Remyelination of Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.- Patterns of demyelination in multiple sclerosis as defined by oligodendrocyte pathology.- The adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor.- Strategies to promote CNS remyelination in vivo.- Immunomodulatory therapy of multiple sclerosis: current trials and future perspectives.- Cell Transplantation.- Identification of new cell surface receptors on oligodendrocyte lineage cells.- Transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and CG4 cells into the developing rat brain: Differences and similarities.- OLN-cells: A new oligodendroglia cell line with impact for cell transplantation.- Schwann cell suspension grafts promote reconstruction of transected postcommissural fornix in the adult rat.- The biology of the transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor.
