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Intraoperative ultrasound is the first and, at present, only direct method available for depicting cerebral structures during neurosurgery. This atlas is a practical introduction to intraoperative ultrasound in neurosurgery and a guide to anatomy and pathomorphological diagnosis. A short introduction to the technical basis of ultrasound is given first. It is followed by instructions for practical application of the method in the operating theater. The next, comprehensive chapter presents various intracranial pathomorphological changes in the ultrasound picture and compares them to the familiar computer tomography and MRI images. A separate chapter deals with individual aspects of actual application during neurosurgical operations: ultrasound biopsy, puncture and endoscopy. This volume is an excellent source of information for the practical application of intraoperative ultrasound.
List of contents
General Introduction.- Technical Remarks.- Generation of Ultrasound Waves.- Origin of Tissue Echoes.- Transformation of Ultrasound Waves.- Importance of Ultrasound Frequency for Imaging in Neurosurgery.- Artifacts and Limitations in the Interpretation of Images.- Biological Effects of Ultrasound Imaging.- Practical Handling of the Ultrasound Probe During Investigation.- Imaging with Dura Closed or Open?.- Landmarks for Orientation in the Normal Brain and Intracranium.- Intracranial Pathomorphology.- General Remarks.- Gliomas.- Meningiomas.- Metastases.- Ventricular Tumors.- Posterior Fossa Lesions.- Other Tumors.- Brain Abscesses.- Hydrocephalus.- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations.- Intracerebral Hematomas.- Practical Application of Intraoperative Imaging.- Intraoperative Anatomical Orientation.- Ultrasound-Guided Stereotaxy.- References.
