History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Informationen zum Autor M. R. Bennett is Professor of Neuroscience, University Chair and Scientific Director of the Brain and Mind Research Institute at the University of Sydney. He is the author of many papers and books on neuroscience as well as the history and philosophy of neuroscience, including The Idea of Consciousness (1997) and A History of the Synapse (2001). He is past President of the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience, past President of the Australian Neuroscience Society, as well as the recipient of numerous awards for his research, including the Neuroscience Medal, the Ramaciotti Medal, the Macfarlane Burnet Medal and the Order of Australia.P. M. S. Hacker is an Emeritus Research Fellow of St John's College, Oxford, UK. He is the author of numerous books and articles on philosophy of the mind and philosophy of language, and is the leading authority on the philosophy of Wittgenstein. Among his many publications is the four-volume Analytical Commentary on Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, and its epilogue, Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy. His most recent work is Human Nature: The Categorial Framework, the first volume of a trilogy on human nature.Together, M. R. Bennet and P. M. S. Hacker have authored the acclaimed Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience (Blackwell, 2003). Klappentext History of Cognitive Neuroscience documents the major neuroscientific experiments and theories over the last century and a half in the domain of cognitive neuroscience, and evaluates the cogency of the conclusions that have been drawn from them.* Provides a companion work to the highly acclaimed Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience - combining scientific detail with philosophical insights* Views the evolution of brain science through the lens of its principal figures and experiments* Addresses philosophical criticism of Bennett and Hacker's previous book* Accompanied by more than 100 illustrations Zusammenfassung In this companion work to the highly acclaimed Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience, the distinguished neurophysiologist M.R. Bennett and eminent philosopher P.M.S. Hacker return to the relationship between brain function and our psychological attributes. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of figures xii List of plates xvi Foreword by Sir Anthony Kenny (President of the British Academy, 1989-93) xvii Acknowledgements xx Introduction 1 1. Perceptions, Sensations and Cortical Function: Helmholtz to Singer 4 1.1 Visual Illusions and their Interpretation by Cognitive Scientists 4 1.1.1 Misdescription of visual illusions by cognitive scientists 9 1.2 Gestalt Laws of Vision 10 1.3 Split-Brain Commissurotomy; the Two Hemispheres may Operate Independently 11 1.3.1 Misdescription of the results of commissurotomy 13 1.3.2 Explaining the discoveries derived from commissurotomies 13 1.4 Specificity of Cortical Neurons 15 1.4.1 Cardinal cells 18 1.4.2 Misdescription of experiments leading to the conception of cardinal cells 20 1.5 Multiple Pathways Connecting Visual Cortical Modules 22 1.6 Mental Images and Representations 26 1.6.1 Misconceptions about images and representations 28 1.7 What and Where Pathways in Object Recognition and Maps 30 1.8 Misuse of the Term 'Maps' 31 1.9 The Binding Problem and 40 Hz Oscillations 32 1.9.1 Misconceptions concerning the existence of a binding problem 37 1.9.2 On the appropriate interpretation of synchronicity of neuronal firing in visual cortex 38 1.10 Images and Imagining 39 1.10.1 Misconceptions concerning images and imagining 41 2. Attention, Awareness and Cortical Function: Helmholtz to Raichle 44 2.1 The Concept of Attention 44 2.2 The Psychophysics of Attention 46 2.3 Neuroscience...

List of contents

List of figures xii
 
List of plates xvi
 
Foreword by Sir Anthony Kenny (President of the British Academy, 1989-93) xvii
 
Acknowledgements xx
 
Introduction 1
 
1. Perceptions, Sensations and Cortical Function: Helmholtz to Singer 4
 
1.1 Visual Illusions and their Interpretation by Cognitive Scientists 4
 
1.1.1 Misdescription of visual illusions by cognitive scientists 9
 
1.2 Gestalt Laws of Vision 10
 
1.3 Split-Brain Commissurotomy; the Two Hemispheres may Operate Independently 11
 
1.3.1 Misdescription of the results of commissurotomy 13
 
1.3.2 Explaining the discoveries derived from commissurotomies 13
 
1.4 Specificity of Cortical Neurons 15
 
1.4.1 Cardinal cells 18
 
1.4.2 Misdescription of experiments leading to the conception of cardinal cells 20
 
1.5 Multiple Pathways Connecting Visual Cortical Modules 22
 
1.6 Mental Images and Representations 26
 
1.6.1 Misconceptions about images and representations 28
 
1.7 What and Where Pathways in Object Recognition and Maps 30
 
1.8 Misuse of the Term 'Maps' 31
 
1.9 The Binding Problem and 40 Hz Oscillations 32
 
1.9.1 Misconceptions concerning the existence of a binding problem 37
 
1.9.2 On the appropriate interpretation of synchronicity of neuronal firing in visual cortex 38
 
1.10 Images and Imagining 39
 
1.10.1 Misconceptions concerning images and imagining 41
 
2. Attention, Awareness and Cortical Function: Helmholtz to Raichle 44
 
2.1 The Concept of Attention 44
 
2.2 The Psychophysics of Attention 46
 
2.3 Neuroscience of Attention 55
 
2.3.1 Attention and arousal 56
 
2.3.2 Selective attention 58
 
2.4 Attention Related to Brain Structures 60
 
2.4.1 Superior colliculus 60
 
2.4.2 Parietal cortex 67
 
2.4.3 Visual cortex 71
 
2.4.4 Auditory cortex 72
 
2.5 Conclusion 74
 
3. Memory and Cortical Function: Milner to Kandel 77
 
3.1 Memory 77
 
3.1.1 The hippocampus is required for memory, which decays at two different rates 77
 
3.1.2 Memory is of two kinds: declarative and non-declarative 77
 
3.1.3 Cellular and molecular studies of non-declarative memory in invertebrates 80
 
3.1.4 Declarative memory and the hippocampus 82
 
3.1.5 Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus 84
 
3.1.6 Cellular and molecular mechanisms of declarative memory in the hippocampus 93
 
3.1.7 Summary 94
 
3.2 Memory and Knowledge 96
 
3.2.1 Memory 99
 
3.2.2 Memory and storage 103
 
3.3 The Contribution of Neuroscience to Understanding Memory 113
 
4. Language and Cortical Function: Wernicke to Levelt 115
 
4.1 Introduction: Psycholinguistics and the Neuroanatomy of Language 115
 
4.2 The Theory of Wernicke/Lichtheim 120
 
4.2.1 Introduction: Wernicke 120
 
4.2.1.1 Images of sensations 121
 
4.2.1.2 Movement images 122
 
4.2.1.3 Voluntary movement 123
 
4.2.1.4 Sound images and language 125
 
4.2.1.5 Language acquisition, words and concepts 126
 
4.2.2 Lichtheim's concept centre 128
 
4.2.3 Concepts and representations 129
 
4.2.4 Conclusion 130
 
4.3 The Mental Dictionary and its Units: Treisman 130
 
4.4 The Modular Study of Word Recognition and Reading Aloud: Morton 132
 
4.4.1 The model system 132
 
4.4.2 The cognitive system 135
 
4.4.3 Thought units 140
 
4.4.4 Computational studies 141
 
4.5 The Modular Study of

Report

The authors are experts in cognitive neuroscience and discuss the landmark experiments which have significantly influenced the field... it is a veritable treasure trove of knowledge.
 
(Doody's)

Product details

• Authors: Bennett, M Bennett, M R Bennett, M. R. Bennett, M. R. (University of Sydney Bennett, M. R. Hacker Bennett, M. R./ Hacker Bennett, Stephen Bennett, Bennett M. R., P M S Hacker, P. M. S. Hacker, Hacker P. M. S.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 30.10.2012
• EAN: 9781118346341
• ISBN: 978-1-118-34634-1
• No. of pages: 312
• Subjects: Humanities, art, music > Psychology; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Non-clinical medicine; Psychologie, Philosophie, Neuropsychologie, Neurowissenschaften, Kognitive Psychologie, Life Sciences, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Biowissenschaften, Geistesphilosophie, Kognitive Neuropsychologie u. Neurowissenschaft, Cognitive Neuropsychology & Cognitive Neuroscience