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Fluid flows that transfer heat and mass often involve drops and bubbles, particularly if there are changes of phase in the fluid in the formation or condensation of steam, for example. Such flows pose problems for the chemical and mechanical engineer significantly different from those posed by single-phase flows. This book reviews the current state of the field and will serve as a reference for researchers, engineers, teachers, and students concerned with transport phenomena. It begins with a review of the basics of fluid flow and a discussion of the shapes and sizes of fluid particles and the factors that determine these. The discussion then turns to flows at low Reynolds numbers, including effects due to phase changes or to large radial inertia. Flows at intermediate and high Reynolds numbers are treated from a numerical perspective, with reference to experimental results. The next chapter considers the effects of solid walls on fluid particles, treating both the statics and dynamics of the particle-wall interaction and the effects of phase changes at a solid wall. This is followed by a discussion of the formation and breakup of drops and bubbles, both with and without phase changes. The last two chapters discuss compound drops and bubbles, primarily in three-phase systems, and special topics, such as transport in an electric field.
List of contents
1 Fundamental Principles and Definitions.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Mathematical Description.- 1.3 Heat and Mass Transfer.- References.- 2 Shape and Size of Fluid Particles.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Shapes of Static Particles.- 2.3 Shapes of Particles in Motion.- 2.4 Drop Size Distribution.- References.- 3 Transport at Low Reynolds Numbers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Fluid Mechanics.- 3.3 Heat and Mass Transfer.- References.- 4 Transport at Intermediate and High Reynolds Numbers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Fluid Mechanics.- 4.3 Heat and Mass Transfer.- References.- 5 Wall Interactions.- 5.1 Fluid Mechanics.- 5.2 Dropwise Condensation.- 5.3 Dropwise Evaporation.- References.- 6 Transport with a Spectrum of Fluid Particles.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Particle Sizes and Velocity Distributions.- 6.3 Transfer without Phase Change.- 6.4 Transfer with Phase Change.- References.- 7 Formation and Breakup of Bubbles and Drops.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Formation of Bubbles and Drops.- 7.3 Breakup of Bubbles and Drops.- References.- 8 Compound Drops and Bubbles.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Fluid Mechanics.- 8.3 Heat and Mass Transfer.- References.- 9 Special Topics.- 9.1 Transport in an Electric Field.- 9.2 Transport with a Slurry Fuel Droplet.- 9.3 Thermocapillary Phenomenon and Microgravity.- References.- Nomenclature.- Author Index.
