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Informationen zum Autor David A. Bender , Senior Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK; Assistant Faculty Tutor (Life Sciences, Medical) and Sub-Dean (Teaching), Royal Free and University College Medical School. Klappentext Amino Acid Metabolism, 3rd Edition covers all aspects of the biochemistry and nutritional biochemistry of the amino acids. Starting with an overview of nitrogen fixation and the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into amino acids, the book then details other major nitrogenous compounds in micro-organisms, plants and animals. Contents include a discussion of the catabolism of amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds in animals, and the microbiological reactions involved in release of nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere. Mammalian (mainly human) protein and amino acid requirements are considered in detail, and the methods that are used to determine them.Chapters consider individual amino acids, grouped according to their metabolic origin, and discussing their biosynthesis (in plants and micro-organisms for those that are dietary essentials for human beings), major metabolic roles (mainly in human metabolism) and catabolism (again mainly in human metabolism). There is also discussion of regulatory mechanisms for all these metabolic pathways, and of metabolic and genetic diseases affecting the (human) metabolism of amino acids.Throughout the book the emphasis is on the nutritional importance of amino acids, integration and control of metabolism and metabolic and other disturbances of relevance to human biochemistry and health.* Completely revised edition of this comprehensive text covering all the latest findings in amino acid metabolism research* Written by an authority in the field* Covers new advances in structural biology* Clear illustrations of all structures and metabolic pathways* Full list of recommended further reading for each chapter and bibliography of papers cited in the text Zusammenfassung Amino Acid Metabolism, 3rd Edition covers all aspects of the biochemistry and nutritional biochemistry of the amino acids. Inhaltsverzeichnis Figures xiii Tables xvii Preface xix 1 Nitrogen Metabolism 1 1.1 Nitrogen fixation 3 1.1.1 Nitrogenase 5 1.1.1.1 The nitrogen fixation gene cluster 7 1.1.1.2 Regulation of nitrogenase by the availability of fixed nitrogen and ATP 7 1.1.1.3 Protection of nitrogenase against oxygen 9 1.1.1.4 Respiratory protection in aerobic microorganisms 9 1.1.1.5 Conformational changes in nitrogenase 10 1.1.1.6 Heterocyst formation in filamentous cyanobacteria 10 1.1.1.7 Symbiotic Rhizobium spp. in root nodules 10 1.2 Nitrification and denitrification 11 1.2.1 The anammox (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) reaction 12 1.3 The incorporation of fi xed nitrogen into organic compounds 12 1.3.1 Utilization of nitrite and nitrate in plants 12 1.3.2 Incorporation of ammonium into organic compounds 13 1.3.2.1 Reductive amination - the glutamate pathway of ammonium incorporation 14 1.3.2.2 Glutamate dehydrogenase 16 1.3.2.3 Mammalian glutamate dehydrogenase 17 1.3.2.4 Glutamate synthase - the glutamine pathway of ammonium incorporation 18 1.3.2.5 Synthesis of aspartate and asparagine 21 1.4 The synthesis and catabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides 23 1.4.1 Purine synthesis 26 1.4.1.1 Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase 28 1.4.1.2 PRPP amidotransferase 30 1.4.2 Purine catabolism and salvage 31 1.4.2.1 Adenosine deaminase deficiency - severe combined immune deficiency 34 1.4.2.2 Gout and hyperuricaemia 35 1.4.2.3 HGPRT deficiency - the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 37 1.4.3 Pyrimidine synthesis 38 1.4.3.1 Orotic aciduria 42 1.4.4 Pyrimid...
