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Informationen zum Autor Ying (Alice) Wu is currently the President of Sphere Technology Connection Ltd. (STC) in Calgary, Canada. From 1983 to 1999, she was an assistant professor and researcher at Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University, SWPU) in Sichuan, China. She received her MSc in petroleum engineering from SWPU and her BSc in petroleum engineering from Daqing Petroleum University in Heilongjiang, China. John J. Carroll, PhD, PEng, is the Director, Geostorage Process Engineering for Gas Liquids Engineering in Calgary, Canada. Dr. Carroll holds bachelor and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, and is a registered professional engineer in the provinces of Alberta and New Brunswick in Canada. His fist book, Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers, is now in its second edition, and he is the author or coauthor of fifty technical publications and about forty technical presentations. Weiyoa Zhu is Professor at University of Science and Technology Beijing in China and Adjunct Professor in State Key Lab of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery at the Northeast Petroleum University. He has published more than 100 technical papers and authored six technical books. His research focus is on fluid mechanics in porous media, the theory and application of the multiphase flow for resource exploitation, new energy development, environmental fluid mechanics, and reservoir simulation. Klappentext This three-volume series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focuses on the engineering of natural gas and its advancement as an increasingly important energy resource. Sour Gas and Related Technologies is the third volume in this important series.Written by a group of the most well-known and knowledgeable authors on the subject in the world, this volume focuses on one of the hottest topics in natural gas today, sour gas. This is a must for any engineer working in natural gas, the energy field, or process engineering.Sour Gas and Related Technologies includes information about upgrading sour gas and the injection of acid gas as an alternative to sulfur production. There are contributions on both surface and subsurface aspects.Also included in this volume are experimental data for density, viscosity, and water content that are so important for the proper design of projects for handling sour gas.There are descriptions of new technologies for the sour gas business including a new method to process sour gas and an update on a technology for dehydration.This outstanding new reference:* Covers the most recent advances in natural gas engineering, in both upstream (reservoir) and downstream (processing)* Covers technologies for working towards a zero-emission process in natural gas production* Written by a team of the world's most well-known scientists and engineers in the fieldAudience:Process engineers, chemical engineers, reservoir engineers, geologists, geochemists and other engineers and scientists working in natural gas Zusammenfassung Carbon dioxide has been implicated in the global climate change, and CO2 sequestration is a technology being explored to curb the anthropogenic emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. The injection of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has the duel benefit of sequestering the CO2 and extending the life of some older fields. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii Introduction xiv Part 1: Data: Experiments and Correlation 1. Equilibrium Water Content Measurements for Acid Gas at High Pressures and Temperatures 3 Francis Bernard, Robert A. Marriott, and Binod R. Giri 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Experimental 6 1.3 Recent Results and Modelling 10 1.4 Conclusions 19 References 19 2. Comparative Study on Gas Deviation Factor Calculating Models for CO2 Rich Gas Reservoirs 21 ...
List of contents
Preface xiii
Introduction xiv
Part 1: Data: Experiments and Correlation 1. Equilibrium Water Content Measurements for Acid Gas at High Pressures and Temperatures 3
Francis Bernard, Robert A. Marriott, and Binod R. Giri
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Experimental 6
1.3 Recent Results and Modelling 10
1.4 Conclusions 19
References 19
2. Comparative Study on Gas Deviation Factor Calculating Models for CO2 Rich Gas Reservoirs 21
Nan Zhang, Xiao Guo, Qiang Zhang, Rentian Yan, and Yan Ran
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 Deviation Factor Correlations 22
2.3 Model Optimization 28
2.4 Conclusions 34
References 35
3. H2S Viscosities and Densities at High-Temperatures and Pressures 37
Binod R. Giri, Robert A. Marriott, and Pierre Blais
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Experimental 39
3.3 Results and Discussion 41
3.4 Conclusions and Outlook 46
3.5 Acknowledgement 47
References 47
4. Solubility of Methane in Propylene Carbonate 49
Fang-Yuan Jou, Kurt A.G. Schmidt, and Alan E. Mather
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Results and Discussion 50
4.3 Nomenclature 54
4.4 Acknowledgement 54
References 54
Part 2: Process
5. A Holistic Look at Gas Treating Simulation 59
Nathan A. Hatcher, R. Scott Alvis, and Ralph H. Weiland
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 Clean Versus Dirty Solvents: Heat Stable Salts 61
5.3 Summary 77
6. Controlled Freeze Zone(TM) Commercial Demonstration Plant Advances Technology for the Commercialization of North American Sour Gas Resources 79
R.H. Oelfke, R.D. Denton, and J.A. Valencia
6.1 Introduction - Gas Demand and Sour Gas Challenges 80
6.2 Acid Gas Injection 80
6.3 Controlled Freeze Zone(TM) -- Single Step Removal of CO2 and H2S 81
6.4 Development Scenarios Suitable for Utilizing CFZ(TM) Technology 84
6.5 Commercial Demonstration Plant Design & Initial Performance Data 86
6.6 Conclusions and Forward Plans 89
Bibliography 89
7. Acid Gas Dehydration - A DexPro(TM) Technology Update 91
Jim Maddocks, Wayne McKay, and Vaughn Hansen
7.1 Introduction 91
7.2 Necessity of Dehydration 92
7.3 Dehydration Criteria 94
7.4 Acid Gas - Water Phase Behaviour 96
7.5 Conventional Dehydration Methods 99
7.6 Development of DexPro 107
7.7 DexPro Operating Update 112
7.8 DexPro Next Steps 113
7.9 Murphy Tupper - 2012 Update 113
7.10 Acknowledgements 115
8. A Look at Solid CO2 Formation in Several High CO2 Concentration Depressuring Scenarios 117
James van der Lee, John J. Carroll, and Marco Satyro
8.1 Introduction 117
8.2 Methodology 118
8.3 Thermodynamic Property Package Description 118
8.4 Model Confi guration 119
8.5 Results 121
8.6 Discussion 124
8.7 Conclusions 127
References 128
Part 3: Acid Gas Injection
9. Potential Sites and Early Opportunities of Acid Gas Re-injection in China 131
Qi Li, Xiaochun Li, Lei Du, Guizhen Liu, Xuehao Liu, Ning Wei
9.1 Introduction 132
9.2 Potential Storage Capacity for CCS 134
9.3 Emission Sources of Acid Gases 134
9.4 Distribution of High H2S Bearing Gas Field 135
9.5 Systematic Screening of Potential Sites 136
9.6 Early Deployment Opportunities of AGI 137
9.7 Conclusions 139
9.8 Acknowledgements 140
References 140
