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Microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds is a research area of extreme interest in several industry fields (e.g., food, cosmetic, perfumery, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical). Using microwaves, full reproducible extractions can be accomplished in seconds or minutes with high reproducibility, reducing solvents and energy consumption, simplifying manipulation and work-up, giving higher products purity, and eliminating post-treatment of waste water.
This book explores the latest innovations of microwave extraction in terms of processes and products. This book will be of interest to academia, and research and industry that is looking for alternative green processes or attempting to diversify into new products such as essential oils, aromas, fat and oils, alkaloids, pigments, anti-oxidants, and other bioactive compounds.
Farid Chemat, Professor
Université d Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, INRA, Avignon, France
Chemat's main research interests are focused on innovative and sustainable extraction techniques (especially microwave, ultrasound and green solvents) for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. He is coordinator of a new group named France Eco-Extraction dealing with international dissemination of research and education on green extraction technologies.
Giancarlo Cravotto, Professor
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Italy
Cravotto's research activity has been centered on pharmacologically active natural products (isolation, structural elucidation, total synthesis and chemical modification). These studies have paved the road to new synthetic procedures and extraction techniques, particularly in the fields of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted protocols and flow-chemistry.
List of contents
1. Microwave-assisted extraction - an introduction to dielectric heating.- 2. Fundamentals of microwave extraction.- 3. Microwave assisted extraction of essential oils and aromas.- 4. The Role of Microwaves in the Extraction of Fats and Oils.- 5. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants and Food Colors.- 6. The Role of Micowaves in Omics Disciplines.- 7. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds from natural matrices.- 8. From Laboratory to Industry: Scale-up, Quality and Safety Consideration for Microwave-Assisted Extraction.
About the author
Farid Chemat, ProfessorHis main research interests are focused on innovative and sustainable extraction techniques (especially microwave, ultrasound and green solvents) for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. He is coordinator of a new group named "France Eco-Extraction" dealing with international dissemination of research and education on green extraction technologies.
Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, INRA, UMR 408, F-84000 Avignon, France.
Giancarlo Cravotto, ProfessorHis research activity has been cantered on pharmacologically active natural products (isolation, structural elucidation, total synthesis and chemical modification). These studies have paved the road to new synthetic procedures and extraction techniques, particularly in the fields of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted protocols and flow-chemistry.
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
Summary
With increasing energy prices and the drive to reduce CO2 emissions, food industries are challenged to find new technologies in order to reduce energy consumption, to meet legal requirements on emissions, product/process safety and control, and for cost reduction and increased quality as well as functionality. Extraction is one of the promising innovation themes that could contribute to sustainable growth in the chemical and food industries. For example, existing extraction technologies have considerable technological and scientific bottlenecks to overcome, such as often requiring up to 50% of investments in a new plant and more than 70% of total process energy used in food, fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. These shortcomings have led to the consideration of the use of new "green" techniques in extraction, which typically use less solvent and energy, such as microwave extraction. Extraction under extreme or non-classical conditions is currently a dynamically developing area in applied research and industry. Using microwaves, extraction and distillation can now be completed in minutes instead of hours with high reproducibility, reducing the consumption of solvent, simplifying manipulation and work-up, giving higher purity of the final product, eliminating post-treatment of waste water and consuming only a fraction of the energy normally needed for a conventional extraction method. Several classes of compounds such as essential oils, aromas, anti-oxidants, pigments, colours, fats and oils, carbohydrates, and other bioactive compounds have been extracted efficiently from a variety of matrices (mainly animal tissues, food, and plant materials). The advantages of using microwave energy, which is a non-contact heat source, includes more effective heating, faster energy transfer, reduced thermal gradients, selective heating, reduced equipment size, faster response to process heating control, faster start-up, increased production, and elimination of process steps. This book will present a complete picture of the current knowledge on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds from food and natural products. It will provide the necessary theoretical background and details about extraction by microwaves, including information on the technique, the mechanism, protocols, industrial applications, safety precautions, and environmental impacts.
