Understanding Aerodynamics - Arguing from the Real Physics

Informationen zum Autor Doug Mclean, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, USA Doug McLean is a Boeing Technical Fellow in the Enabling Technology and Research unit within Aerodynamics Engineering at Boeing Commercial Airplanes. He received a BA in physics from the University of California at Riverside in 1965 and a PhD in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University in 1970. He joined the Boeing Commercial Airplane Group in 1974 and has worked there ever since on a range of problems, both computational and experimental, in the areas of viscous flow, drag reduction, and aerodynamic design. Computer programs he developed for the calculation of three-dimensional boundary layers and swept shock/boundary-layer interactions were in use by wing-design groups at Boeing for many years. Klappentext Much-needed, fresh approach that brings a greater insight into the physical understanding of aerodynamicsBased on the author's decades of industrial experience with Boeing, this book helps students and practicing engineers to gain a greater physical understanding of aerodynamics. Relying on clear physical arguments and examples, Mcleanprovides a much-needed, fresh approach to this sometimes contentious subject without shying away from addressing "real" aerodynamic situations as opposed to the oversimplified ones frequently used for mathematical convenience. Motivated by the belief that engineering practice is enhanced in the long run by a robust understanding of the basics as well as real cause-and-effect relationships that lie behind the theory, he provides intuitive physical interpretations and explanations, debunking commonly-held misconceptions and misinterpretations, and building upon the contrasts provided by wrong explanations to strengthen understanding of the right ones.* Provides a refreshing view of aerodynamics that is based on the author's decades of industrial experience yet is always tied to basic fundamentals.* Provides intuitive physical interpretations and explanations, debunking commonly-held misconceptions and misinterpretations* Offers new insights to some familiar topics, for example, what the Biot-Savart law really means and why it causes so much confusion, what "Reynolds number" and "incompressible flow" really mean, and a real physical explanation for how an airfoil produces lift.* Addresses "real" aerodynamic situations as opposed to the oversimplified ones frequently used for mathematical convenience, and omits mathematical details whenever the physical understanding can be conveyed without them. Zusammenfassung Much-needed, fresh approach that brings a greater insight into the physical understanding of aerodynamics Based on the author s decades of industrial experience with Boeing, this book helps students and practicing engineers to gain a greater physical understanding of aerodynamics. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword xi Series Preface xiii Preface xv List of Symbols xix 1 Introduction to the Conceptual Landscape 1 2 From Elementary Particles to Aerodynamic Flows 5 3 Continuum Fluid Mechanics and the Navier-Stokes Equations 13 3.1 The Continuum Formulation and Its Range of Validity 13 3.2 Mathematical Formalism 16 3.3 Kinematics: Streamlines, Streaklines, Timelines, and Vorticity 18 3.3.1 Streamlines and Streaklines 18 3.3.2 Streamtubes, Stream Surfaces, and the Stream Function 19 3.3.3 Timelines 22 3.3.4 The Divergence of the Velocity and Green's Theorem 23 3.3.5 Vorticity and Circulation 24 3.3.6 The Velocity Potential in Irrotational Flow 26 3.3.7 Concepts that Arise in Describing the Vorticity Field 26 3.3.8 Velocity Fields Associated with Concentrations of Vorticity 29 3.3.9 The Biot-Savart Law and the "Induction" Fallacy 31 3.4 The Equations of Motion and their Physical Meaning 33 3.4....

List of contents

Foreword xi
 
Series Preface xiii
 
Preface xv
 
List of Symbols xix
 
1 Introduction to the Conceptual Landscape 1
 
2 From Elementary Particles to Aerodynamic Flows 5
 
3 Continuum Fluid Mechanics and the Navier-Stokes Equations 13
 
3.1 The Continuum Formulation and Its Range of Validity 13
 
3.2 Mathematical Formalism 16
 
3.3 Kinematics: Streamlines, Streaklines, Timelines, and Vorticity 18
 
3.4 The Equations of Motion and their Physical Meaning 33
 
3.5 Cause and Effect, and the Problem of Prediction 40
 
3.6 The Effects of Viscosity 43
 
3.7 Turbulence, Reynolds Averaging, and Turbulence Modeling 48
 
3.8 Important Dynamical Relationships 55
 
3.9 Dynamic Similarity 60
 
3.10 "Incompressible" Flow and Potential Flow 66
 
3.11 Compressible Flow and Shocks 70
 
4 Boundary Layers 79
 
4.1 Physical Aspects of Boundary-Layer Flows 80
 
4.2 Boundary-Layer Theory 99
 
4.3 Flat-Plate Boundary Layers and Other Simplified Cases 117
 
4.4 Transition and Turbulence 130
 
4.5 Control and Prevention of Flow Separation 150
 
4.6 Heat Transfer and Compressibility 158
 
4.7 Effects of Surface Roughness 162
 
5 General Features of Flows around Bodies 163
 
5.1 The Obstacle Effect 164
 
5.2 Basic Topology of Flow Attachment and Separation 168
 
5.3 Wakes 186
 
5.4 Integrated Forces: Lift and Drag 189
 
6 Drag and Propulsion 191
 
6.1 Basic Physics and Flowfield Manifestations of Drag and Thrust 192
 
6.2 Drag Estimation 241
 
6.3 Drag Reduction 250
 
7 Lift and Airfoils in 2D at Subsonic Speeds 259
 
7.1 Mathematical Prediction of Lift in 2D 260
 
7.2 Lift in Terms of Circulation and Bound Vorticity 265
 
7.3 Physical Explanations of Lift in 2D 269
 
7.4 Airfoils 307
 
8 Lift and Wings in 3D at Subsonic Speeds 359
 
8.1 The Flowfield around a 3D Wing 359
 
8.2 Distribution of Lift on a 3D Wing 376
 
8.3 Induced Drag 385
 
8.4 Wingtip Devices 411
 
8.5 Manifestations of Lift in the Atmosphere at Large 427
 
8.6 Effects of Wing Sweep 444
 
9 Theoretical Idealizations Revisited 471
 
9.1 Approximations Grouped According to how the Equations were Modified 471
 
9.2 Some Tools of MFD (Mental Fluid Dynamics) 482
 
10 Modeling Aerodynamic Flows in Computational Fluid Dynamics 491
 
10.1 Basic Definitions 493
 
10.2 The Major Classes of CFD Codes and Their Applications 493
 
10.3 Basic Characteristics of Numerical Solution Schemes 501
 
10.4 Physical Modeling in CFD 508
 
10.5 CFD Validation? 515
 
10.6 Integrated Forces and the Components of Drag 516
 
10.7 Solution Visualization 517
 
10.8 Things a User Should Know about a CFD Code before Running it 524
 
References 527
 
Index 539

Report

"As someone who has been involved with aerodynamics for more years than I care to remember, I have rarely come across a book that is so readable and that provides so many (to me a least) genuinely new insights into the subject and its applications. This book should be high on the wish list of any practising aerodynamicist, whether in industry or academia." (Aeronautical Journal, 1 August 2013)
 
"This is a sophisticated book for people immersed in the study of fluid dynamics and aerodynamics; it will give them in-depth knowledge of both the physical phenomena and the mathematical equations that are used to describe and predict these phenomena. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students in aerospace engineering, researchers/faculty, and aircraft design professionals." (Choice, 1 July 2013)
 
"Based on the author's decades of industrial experience with Boeing, this book helps students and practicing engineers to gain a greater physical understanding of aerodynamics. Relying on clear physical arguments and examples, Mcleanprovides a much-needed, fresh approach to this sometimes contentious subject without shying away from addressing "real" aerodynamic situations as opposed to the oversimplified ones frequently used for mathematical convenience." (Expofairs.com, 11 March 2013)

Product details

• Authors: Doug McLean, J. Douglas Mclean, McLean Doug, MCLEAN J DOUGLAS
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.11.2012
• EAN: 9781119967514
• ISBN: 978-1-119-96751-4
• No. of pages: 592
• Series: Aerospace Series (PEP); Aerospace Series; Aerospace Series; Aerospace Series (PEP)
• Subjects: Education and learning > Teaching preparation > Vocational needs; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Mechanical engineering, production engineering; Maschinenbau, Aerodynamik, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Aeronautic & Aerospace Engineering, Luft- u. Raumfahrttechnik, Systemtechnik u. -management, Systems Engineering & Management