Case Histories in Vibration Analysis and Metal Fatigue for the - Practicing Enginee

Informationen zum Autor ANTHONY SOFRONAS, DEng, PE, has spent the past forty-five years troubleshooting field failures and designing machinery for ExxonMobil, General Electric, and the Bendix Corporation. He is currently a consultant to industry, presenting seminars worldwide under the aegis of his company Engineered Products. Dr. Sofronas has published many technical papers and articles, including a bimonthly column for Hydrocarbon Processing dedicated to engineering case histories. He is also the author of Analytical Troubleshooting of Process Machinery and Pressure Vessels (Wiley). Klappentext Detailed case studies demonstrate the steps needed to solve industrial vibration and metal fatigue problemsEmphasizing simple practical approaches, this book sets forth the analytical methods and guidelines needed to both detect and solve a broad range of vibration and metal fatigue problems that arise in industrial plants. In addition to clear explanations of the underlying theory and techniques, the book features more than seventy detailed case histories based on the author's forty-five years of industrial experience. These case histories help readers better understand how vibration and metal fatigue problems arise as well as how they are solved by using the analytical methods and techniques set forth in the book.Case Histories in Vibration and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer examines both fixed and rotating equipment as well as pressure vessels. It not only presents the tools needed to accurately measure vibration, it also provides the information needed to eliminate the problem permanently. Key areas of coverage include:* Frequency, amplitude, and off-resonant calculations* Linear, torsional, and fluid-induced vibrations* Measurement methods and interpretation* Rotor dynamics* Metal fatigue and cyclic vibrational forces* Nonlinear, transient, and self-excited vibrations* Acoustically induced vibrations* Metal fatigue failures and their impactWritten for the practicing engineer, this book provides the core tools needed to detect and troubleshoot industrial vibration and metal fatigue problems as effectively and efficiently as possible, all based on the latest research and industry standards and practices. Moreover, the book provides the guidance needed to ensure that once the problem is solved, it does not recur. "In all, this most recent Sofronas text is readable, practical and valuable throughout." ("Process Machinery Consulting", 1 April 2013) Zusammenfassung This highly accessible book provides analytical methods and guidelines for solving vibration problems in industrial plants and demonstrates their practical use through case histories from the author s personal experience in the mechanical engineering industry. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xv 1 Introduction 1 Reference 4 2 Basics of Vibration 5 2.1 Spring-Mass Systems and Resonance 5 2.2 Case History: Combining Springs and Masses in a Steam Turbine Problem 9 2.3 Useful Questions to Ask Before Beginning a Vibration Analysis 12 2.4 Linear Spring Constants and Area Moments of Inertia 13 2.5 Vibrating Flat Plates 14 2.6 Two-Degree Tuned Vibration Absorber 16 2.7 Natural Frequencies of Pipes and Beams 19 2.8 Effect of Clearance on the Natural Frequency 19 2.9 Static Deflection and Pendulum Natural Frequency 21 2.10 Coupled Single-Mass Systems 23 References 25 3 Vibration-Measuring Methods and Limits 27 3.1 Important Frequencies 27 3.2 Campbell Diagrams 31 3.3 Case History: Systematic Procedure to Identify a Vibration Source 33 3.4 Vibration-Measuring Terms 34 3.5 Cascade Diagram 36 3.6 Shock Pulse Method 37 3.7 Measuring Transducers 38 3.8 Measurements: Time-Based, Bode, and Orbit Plots 40 ...

List of contents

Preface xv
 
1 Introduction 1
 
Reference 4
 
2 Basics of Vibration 5
 
2.1 Spring-Mass Systems and Resonance 5
 
2.2 Case History: Combining Springs and Masses in a Steam Turbine Problem 9
 
2.3 Useful Questions to Ask Before Beginning a Vibration Analysis 12
 
2.4 Linear Spring Constants and Area Moments of Inertia 13
 
2.5 Vibrating Flat Plates 14
 
2.6 Two-Degree Tuned Vibration Absorber 16
 
2.7 Natural Frequencies of Pipes and Beams 19
 
2.8 Effect of Clearance on the Natural Frequency 19
 
2.9 Static Deflection and Pendulum Natural Frequency 21
 
2.10 Coupled Single-Mass Systems 23
 
References 25
 
3 Vibration-Measuring Methods and Limits 27
 
3.1 Important Frequencies 27
 
3.2 Campbell Diagrams 31
 
3.3 Case History: Systematic Procedure to Identify a Vibration Source 33
 
3.4 Vibration-Measuring Terms 34
 
3.5 Cascade Diagram 36
 
3.6 Shock Pulse Method 37
 
3.7 Measuring Transducers 38
 
3.8 Measurements: Time-Based, Bode, and Orbit Plots 40
 
4 Simple Analytical Examples 45
 
4.1 Determining Vibration Amplitude 45
 
4.2 Resonant and Off-Resonant Amplitudes 47
 
4.3 Case History: Transmitted Force and Isolation of a Roof Fan 49
 
4.4 Case History: Seal Failure Due to Misalignment of an Agitator Shaft 51
 
4.5 Case History: Structural Vibration 53
 
4.6 Case History: Production-Line Grinding Problem 54
 
4.7 Case History: Vehicle on Springs 57
 
4.8 Case History: Vibrating Cantilevered Components 58
 
4.9 Bump Test 60
 
4.10 Case History: Vibrating Pump Mounted on a Plate Deck 60
 
4.11 Case History: Misalignment Force 62
 
4.12 Case History: Vertical Pump Vibrations and Bearing Survival 64
 
4.13 Case History: Cause of Mysterious Movement on a Centrifuge Deck 67
 
4.14 Case History: Engine Vibration Monitoring Device 70
 
4.15 Case History: Natural Frequency of A Midsupport Vertical Mixer 72
 
4.16 Case History: Valve Float Analysis 73
 
References 75
 
5 Vibration-Based Problems and Their Sources 77
 
5.1 Fatigue Cracking 77
 
5.2 Fretting and Wear 79
 
5.3 Ball and Roller Bearing Failures 83
 
5.4 Bolt Loosening 84
 
5.5 Flow-Induced Vibration 86
 
5.5.1 Case History: Stack Vibration Induced by Wind 87
 
5.6 Excessive Noise 88
 
5.7 Pressure Pulsations 89
 
5.8 Mechanical Seal Chipping and Damage 90
 
5.9 Surging of Fans and Other Causes of Vibration 90
 
5.10 Vibration Due to Beats 92
 
5.11 The Slip-Stick Problem 92
 
5.12 Drive Belt Vibration 97
 
References 98
 
6 Causes of Vibrations and Solutions in Machinery 99
 
6.1 Rotating Imbalance 99
 
6.1.1 Case History: Motor Imbalance 100
 
6.2 Causes of Shaft Misalignment 102
 
6.2.1 Types of Misalignment 102
 
6.2.2 Thermal Offset 102
 
6.2.3 Acceptable Coupling Offset and Angular Misalignment 103
 
6.3 A Problem in Measuring Vibration on Large Machines 104
 
6.4 Causes of Pump Vibration 105
 
6.4.1 NPSH Problems and Cavitation 105
 
6.4.2 Suction Vortex 107
 
6.4.3 Off Best Efficiency Point 107
 
6.4.4 Vertical Pump Vibration 109
 
6.4.5 Pump Vibration Level Guidelines 111
 
6.5 Other Causes of Motor Vibration 111
 
6.5.1 Electrical Causes 111
 
6.5.2 Mechanical Cause 112
 
6.5.3 Motor Vibration-Level Guidelines 112
 
6.6 Causes of Gearbox Vibration 113<

Report

"The guide should be valuable in many sectors of industry, particularly to those new to industry or new to vibration analysis." (Chemical Engineering Progress, 1 May 2013)
 
"In all, this most recent Sofronas text is readable, practical and valuable throughout." (Process Machinery Consulting, 1 April 2013)

Product details

• Authors: A Sofronas, Anthony Sofronas, Sofronas Anthony
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 12.10.2012
• EAN: 9781118169469
• ISBN: 978-1-118-16946-9
• No. of pages: 306
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Maschinenbau, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Allg. Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie, Petrochemistry / Fuel, Allg. Maschinenbau