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With contributions by numerous experts
List of contents
Section A: Introduction.- 1 The Multifunctional Nature of Peptide Growth Factors.- A.Introduction.- B.Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Mechanisms of Action.- C.Range of Target Cells for Peptide Growth Factors.- D.Contextuality of Action.- E.Nuclear Transcription Factors are also Multifunctional.- F.Role of Extracellular Matrix in Mediating Interactions Between Cells.- G.Therapeutic Implications.- References.- 2 Isolation and Characterization of Growth Factors.- A.Introduction.- B.Insulin.- C.Nerve Growth Factor.- D.Epidermal Growth Factor.- E.Insulin-Like Growth Factors.- F.Platelet-Derived Growth Factor.- G.Fibroblast Growth Factors.- H.Transforming Growth Factors.- I. TGF-?.- II. TGF-ß.- I. Interleukins.- J. Hemopoietic Growth Factors.- K. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Properties and Regulation of Receptors for Growth Factors.- A. Introduction.- B. Extracellular Domain Structures of Growth Factor Receptors.- C. Ligand Binding Regions of Extracellular Domains.- D. Extracellular Receptor Domains as Serum Receptors.- E. Multiple Ligand Binding Capabilities of Growth Factor Receptors.- F. Regulation of Cell Surface Ligand Binding.- G. Transmembrane Domains.- H. Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase Domain Structures.- I. Regulation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.- J. Cytoplasmic Domains Lacking Tyrosine Kinase Sequences.- K. Conclusions.- References.- Section B: Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors I.- 4 The Epidermal Growth Factor Family.- A. Introduction.- B. Structural Properties of the Growth Factors.- I.Amino Acid Sequences.- II. Related Sequences.- III.Physical Properties.- IV.High Resolution Structure.- 1. Polypeptide Backbone.- 2. Aromatic Clusters.- 3. TGF-? and EGF Comparisons.- 4. Hybrid Molecules.- V. Structure-Function Relationships.- 1. Site-Directed Mutagenesis.- 2. Growth Factor Fragments.- C.Precursor Molecules.- I. EGF.- II.TGF-?.- III. Pox Virus Growth Factors.- D.Growth Factor Genes.- I. Chromosomal Localization.- II. Gene Organization.- 1. Human EGF.- 2. Human TGF-?.- III. Gene Expression.- 1. EGF.- 2. TGF-?.- 3. Pox Virus Growth Factors.- E.The EGF Receptor.- I. Receptor Structure.- II. Receptor Gene.- 1. Chromosomal Localization.- 2. Gene Organization.- 3. Gene Expression.- III. Receptor Life Cycle.- 1. Biosynthesis.- 2. Endocytosis and Degradation.- IV. Receptor Function.- 1. Heterologous Receptor Expression.- 2. Mutants.- 3. Receptor Activation.- 4. Receptor Substrates.- 5. Activation of Gene Expression.- F.Physiology of the EGF Family.- I. EGF.- 1. Distribution in Fluids/Secretions.- 2. Biological Responses.- II. TGF-?.- III. Amphiregulin.- IV. Pox Virus Growth Factors.- G. Role in Transformation.- I. Growth Factor Studies.- 1.Correlative Information.- 2. Transfection Studies.- II. Receptor Studies.- 1. Correlative Information.- 2. Transfection Studies.- References.- 5 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor.- A. Introduction.- B. PDGF Molecules.- I. Multiple Forms and Amino Acid Sequence.- 1. Two Distinct but Homologous Chains Comprise PDGF.- 2. Structural Heterogeneity of PDGF.- 3. Structural Features of the PDGF Molecules.- 4. Structural Conservation of the PDGF Molecule.- II. Gene Structure of the A and B Chains of PDGF.- 1. Characteristics of the A-Chain Gene.- 2. Characteristics of the B-Chain Gene.- 3. Comparison of the A-and B-Chain Genes.- III. Expression and Secretion of PDGF by Normal Cells.- 1. PDGF is Expressed at Low or Undetectable Levels in Normal Cells.- 2. Inducible Expression and Secretion of PDGF.- IV. Expression and Secretion of PDGF in Transformed Cells.- V. Processing and Cellular Localization of PDGF Isoforms.- 1. Simian Sarcoma Virus-Transformed Cells.- 2. c-sis-Transformed Cells.- 3. PDGF A-Chain Transfectants.- 4. Cells Expressing Recombinant PDGF-AB Heterodimers.- 5. Transformed Cells.- 6. Normal Cells.- C. PDGF Receptors.- I. General Models of Receptor Structure and Properties.- 1. Old and New Models of the Structure of the PDGF Receptor.- II. Binding Properties of the PDGF Recep
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With contributions by numerous experts
