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Informationen zum Autor John Valasek, Texas A&M University, USA John Valasek is Associate Professor and Director of the Vehicle Systems & Control Laboratory within the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A&M University. He has been actively conducting flight mechanics and controls research of Manned and Unmanned Air Vehicles in both Industry and Academia for 25 years. He was previously a Flight Control Engineer for the Northrop Corporation, Aircraft Division. He has published over 100 peer reviewed articles, and is co-inventor on a patent for autonomous air refueling of unmanned air vehicles. His research is currently focused on bridging the gap between traditional computer science topics and aerospace engineering topics, encompassing machine learning and multi-agent systems, intelligent autonomous control, vision based navigation systems, fault tolerant adaptive control, and cockpit systems and displays.?He teaches courses in Atmospheric Flight Mechanics, Digital Flight Control Systems, Vehicle Management Systems, Cockpit Systems & Displays, and Aircraft Design. Klappentext From the earliest times, engineers have been inspired by birds as models for flight vehicles, and more specifically, shape changing or morphing flight vehicles. A common thematic element has been to gaze upon a bird and imagine "the bird that changes into an airplane", and vice versa. Now that this vision is within reach, exciting research is investigating the methodologies and technologies required.Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures is a synthesis of the relevant disciplines and applications involved in the morphing of fixed wing flight vehicles. The book is organized into three major sections on Bio-Inspiration, Control and Dynamics, and Smart Materials and Structures. Most chapters are both tutorial and research oriented in nature, covering elementary concepts through advanced and in many cases novel methodologies. Insightful numerical and experimental results compliment the technical exposition wherever possible. To stimulate and encourage further investigation, all chapters discuss further topics for research in particular subject areas, and a summary chapter addresses broad challenges and directions for future research.Key features:* Features the work of leading researchers in the field of morphing flight. Covers a wide range of morphing technologies that includes Bio-Mechanics, Intelligent Control, Aerodynamics, Flight Mechanics and Control, and Smart Materials and Structures.* Emphasizes the essential technical interdependencies of a variety of disciplines.* Delivers practical insights while presenting a comprehensive treatment that maintains engineering and mathematical detail and rigor.* Includes a brief history of morphing and bio-inspiration for air vehicles.Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures is an insightful reference and introduction to morphing that will be invaluable for practicing engineers and researchers in aerospace and mechanical engineering. Zusammenfassung Groundbreaking first book on the highly topical subject of morphing aerospace vehicles and structures Addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures in three sections, with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Series Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction 1 John Valasek 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Early Years: Bio-Inspiration 2 1.3 The Middle Years: Variable Geometry 5 1.4 The Later Years: A Return to Bio-Inspiration 9 1.5 Conclusion 10 References 10 Part I BIO-INSPIRATION 2 Wing Morphing in Insects, Birds and Bats: Mechanism and Function 13 Graham K. Taylor, Anna C. Carruthers, Tatjana Y. Hube...
List of contents
List of Contributors xiii
Foreword xv
Series Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1 Introduction 1
John Valasek
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Early Years: Bio-Inspiration 2
1.3 The Middle Years: Variable Geometry 5
1.4 The Later Years: A Return to Bio-Inspiration 9
1.5 Conclusion 10
References 10
Part I BIO-INSPIRATION
2 Wing Morphing in Insects, Birds and Bats: Mechanism and Function 13
Graham K. Taylor, Anna C. Carruthers, Tatjana Y. Hubel, and Simon M. Walker
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Insects 14
2.2.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 15
2.2.2 Gross Wing Morphing 18
2.3 Birds 25
2.3.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 25
2.3.2 Gross Wing Morphing 28
2.3.3 Local Feather Deflections 30
2.4 Bats 32
2.4.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 33
2.4.2 Gross Wing Morphing 35
2.5 Conclusion 37
Acknowledgements 37
References 38
3 Bio-Inspiration of Morphing for Micro Air Vehicles 41
Gregg Abate and Wei Shyy
3.1 Micro Air Vehicles 41
3.2 MAV Design Concepts 43
3.3 Technical Challenges for MAVs 46
3.4 Flight Characteristics of MAVs and NAVs 47
3.5 Bio-Inspired Morphing Concepts for MAVs 48
3.5.1 Wing Planform 50
3.5.2 Airfoil Shape 50
3.5.3 Tail Modulation 50
3.5.4 CG Shifting 50
3.5.5 Flapping Modulation 51
3.6 Outlook for Morphing at the MAV/NAV scale 51
3.7 Future Challenges 51
3.8 Conclusion 53
References 53
Part II CONTROL AND DYNAMICS
4 Morphing Unmanned Air Vehicle Intelligent Shape and Flight Control 57
John Valasek, Kenton Kirkpatrick, and Amanda Lampton
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 A-RLC Architecture Functionality 58
4.3 Learning Air Vehicle Shape Changes 59
4.3.1 Overview of Reinforcement Learning 59
4.3.2 Implementation of Shape Change Learning Agent 62
4.4 Mathematical Modeling of Morphing Air Vehicle 63
4.4.1 Aerodynamic Modeling 63
4.4.2 Constitutive Equations 64
4.4.3 Model Grid 67
4.4.4 Dynamical Modeling 68
4.4.5 Reference Trajectory 71
4.4.6 Shape Memory Alloy Actuator Dynamics 71
4.4.7 Control Effectors on Morphing Wing 73
4.5 Morphing Control Law 73
4.5.1 Structured Adaptive Model Inversion (SAMI) Control for Attitude Control 73
4.5.2 Update Laws 76
4.5.3 Stability Analysis 77
4.6 Numerical Examples 77
4.6.1 Purpose and Scope 77
4.6.2 Example 1: Learning New Major Goals 77
4.6.3 Example 2: Learning New Intermediate Goals 80
4.7 Conclusions 84
Acknowledgments 84
References 84
5 Modeling and Simulation of Morphing Wing Aircraft 87
Borna Obradovic and Kamesh Subbarao
5.1 Introduction 87
5.1.1 Gull-Wing Aircraft 87
5.2 Modeling of Aerodynamics with Morphing 88
5.2.1 Vortex-Lattice Aerodynamics for Morphing 90
5.2.2 Calculation of Forces and Moments 92
5.2.3 Effect of Gull-Wing Morphing on Aerodynamics 92
5.3 Modeling of Flight Dynamics with Morphing 93
5.3.1 Overview of Standard Approaches 93
5.3.2 Extended Rigid-Body Dynamics 97
5.3.3 Modeling of Morphing 100
5.4 Actuator Moments and Power 105
5.5 Open-Loop Maneuvers and Effects of Morphing 109
5.5.1 Longitudinal Maneuvers 109
5.5.2
