Oled Display Fundamentals and Applications

Informationen zum Autor Takatoshi Tsujimura is the General Manager of the Konica Minolta Technology Center. He received a SID award for the development of a scalable AMOLED backplane and the world's largest 20-inch OLED prototype, has worked for Kodak and IBM, and is the SID Japan Chapter vice chair. Mr. Tsujimura was selected as one of the "10 best engineers/researchers in the 10 best Japanese companies" by Nikkei Electronics magazine. Klappentext A much-needed guide to the design and manufacturing of OLED displaysOrganic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) displays are expected to replace Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) in the upcoming years in television screens, computer monitors, watches, mobile phones, and similar applications. OLED Displays: Fundamentals and Applications is the first book to offer complete, practical, up-to-date coverage of the development, manufacturing, and applications of this cutting-edge technology.Written by a leading industry expert with over two decades in both R&D and commercialization, the book walks engineers and industry professionals through all aspects of the technology, from the basics of OLED displays to commercialization and manufacturing. Drawing on extensive firsthand experience, the author explains the fundamentals of OLED composition and function, details step by step the design and manufacturing of OLED displays, and examines important applications in lighting and display technology. He also provides real-world examples and problem-solving techniques used during product commercialization.Geared to both experienced practitioners and newcomers to the field, OLED Displays: Fundamentals and Applications:* Discusses emission mechanisms, material selection, device processing, manufacturing issues, and display design basics* Outlines Thin Film Transistor (TFT) backplane design and processing details, including the Low Temperature Poly Silicon (LTPS) process and circuit integration* Devotes a full chapter to lighting, one of the major applications of OLED* Explores a variety of display applications, including flexible displays and the large-scale OLED television screen* Covers both the current composition of OLED and the future of OLED technologies and displays Zusammenfassung * The first book to cover the fundamental aspects of OLED composition and function and the commercialization/manufacturing. * Authored by an industry professional with 20 years experience in the LCD and OLED display industries. * Provides a chapter on lighting, one of the major applications of OLED. Inhaltsverzeichnis Series Editor´s Foreword ixPreface xi1 Introduction 12 OLED Display Structure 52.1 OLED Definition 52.2 OLED Device Principles and Mechanisms 82.2.1 Basic Device Structure 82.2.2 Light Emission 102.2.3 Emission Efficiency 262.2.4 Lifetime and Image Burning 303 OLED Manufacturing Process 373.1 Material Preparation 373.1.1 Basic Material Properties 373.1.2 Purifi cation Process 413.2 Evaporation Process 423.2.1 Principle 423.2.2 Evaporation Sources 473.3 Shadow Mask Patterning 543.4 Encapsulation 573.4.1 Dark Spot and Edge Growth Defects 573.4.2 Light Emission from the Bottom and Top of the OLED Device 583.5 Problem Analysis 613.5.1 Ionization Potential Measurement 613.5.2 HPLC Analysis 643.5.3 Cyclic Voltammetry 654 OLED Display Module 694.1 Comparison between OLED and LCD Modules 694.2 Basic Display Design and Related Characteristics 714.2.1 Luminous Intensity, Luminance, and Illuminance 714.2.2 OLED Current and Power Efficiencies 764.2.3 Color Reproduction 804.2.4 Uniform Color Space 874.2.5 White Point Determination 884.3 Passive-Matrix OLED Display 914.3.1 Structure 914.3.2 Pixel Driving 934.4 Active-Matrix OLED Display 964.4.1 OLED Module Components 964.4.2 Two-Transistor One-Capacitor (2T1C) Driving Circuit 974.4.3 Ambient Performance 1004.4.4 Subpi...

List of contents

Series Editor's Foreword ix

Preface xi

1 Introduction 1

2 OLED Display Structure 5

2.1 OLED Definition 5

2.2 OLED Device Principles and Mechanisms 8

2.2.1 Basic Device Structure 8

2.2.2 Light Emission 10

2.2.3 Emission Efficiency 26

2.2.4 Lifetime and Image Burning 30

3 OLED Manufacturing Process 37

3.1 Material Preparation 37

3.1.1 Basic Material Properties 37

3.1.2 Purifi cation Process 41

3.2 Evaporation Process 42

3.2.1 Principle 42

3.2.2 Evaporation Sources 47

3.3 Shadow Mask Patterning 54

3.4 Encapsulation 57

3.4.1 Dark Spot and Edge Growth Defects 57

3.4.2 Light Emission from the Bottom and Top of the OLED Device 58

3.5 Problem Analysis 61

3.5.1 Ionization Potential Measurement 61

3.5.2 HPLC Analysis 64

3.5.3 Cyclic Voltammetry 65

4 OLED Display Module 69

4.1 Comparison between OLED and LCD Modules 69

4.2 Basic Display Design and Related Characteristics 71

4.2.1 Luminous Intensity, Luminance, and Illuminance 71

4.2.2 OLED Current and Power Efficiencies 76

4.2.3 Color Reproduction 80

4.2.4 Uniform Color Space 874.2.5 White Point Determination 88

4.3 Passive-Matrix OLED Display 91

4.3.1 Structure 91

4.3.2 Pixel Driving 93

4.4 Active-Matrix OLED Display 96

4.4.1 OLED Module Components 96

4.4.2 Two-Transistor One-Capacitor (2T1C) Driving Circuit 97

4.4.3 Ambient Performance 100

4.4.4 Subpixel Rendering 101

5 TFT Substrate for OLED Driving 105

5.1 TFT Structure 105

5.2 TFT Process 110

5.2.1 Low-Temperature Polysilicon Process Overview 110

5.2.2 Thin-Film Formation 111

5.2.3 Patterning Technique 112

5.2.4 Excimer Laser Crystallization 116

5.3 MOSFET Basics 120

5.4 LTPS-TFT-Driven OLED Display Design 122

5.4.1 OFF Current 123

5.4.2 Driver TFT Size Restriction 124

5.4.3 Restriction Due to Voltage Drop 125

5.4.4 LTPS-TFT Pixel Compensation Circuit 132

5.4.5 Circuit Integration by LTPS-TFT 139

6 Next-Generation OLED Technologies 143

6.1 Color-Patterning Technologies 143

6.1.1 White + Color Filter Patterning 143

6.1.2 Color Conversion Medium (CCM) Patterning 145

6.1.3 Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) Method 145

6.1.4 Radiation-Induced Sublimation Transfer (RIST) Method 146

6.1.5 Dual-Plate OLED Display (DOD) Method 148

6.1.6 Other Methods 150

6.2 Solution-Processed Materials and Technologies 151

6.3 Next-Generation OLED Manufacturing Tools 155

6.3.1 Vapor Injection Source Technology (VIST) Deposition 155

6.3.2 Hot-Wall Method 159

6.3.3 Organic Vapor-Phase Deposition (OVPD) Method 162

6.4 OLED Television Applications 162

6.4.1 Performance Target 163

6.4.2 High-Yield Manufacturing by White + Color Filter Method 164

6.5 Next-Generation TFT Technologies for OLED Display 175

6.5.1 Sequential Lateral Solidifi cation (SLS) Method 175

6.5.2 Microcrystalline and Superamorphous Silicon 176

6.5.3 Solid-Phase Crystallization 178

6.5.4 Oxide Semiconductors 181

7 OLED Lighting 187

7.1 Color Rendering Index 187

7.2 OLED Lighting Requirement 191

7.2.1 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) 191

7.2.2 Other Requirements 192

7.3 Light Extraction Enhancement 197

7.3.1 Microlens Array Structure 1977.3.2 Diffusion Structure 198

7.3.3 Diffraction 200

7.4 OLED Lighting Design 200

7.4.1 Resistance Reduction 201

7.4.2 Current Reduction 201

8 New OLED Applications 205

8.1 Flexible Display 205

8.1.1 Flexible Display Applications 205

8.1.2 Barrier Technology for Flexible Displays 205

8.1.3 WVTR Measurement 208

8.1.4 Organic TFTs for Flexible Displays 210

8.2 Transparent 215

8.3 Tiled Display 217

8.3.1 Passive-Matrix Tiling 217

8.3.2 Active-Matrix Tiling 220

Appendix 225

About the Author 229

Index 231

Report

"Overall however, despite a few shortcomings, this work will be a valuable and currently unique resource for anyone interested in learning about OLEDs in general and of particular interest to engineers, managers, and other industry professionals entering the field or expanding their areas of expertise." ( Information Display , 1 May 2012)

Product details

• Authors: Takatoshi Tsujimura, Tsujimura Takatoshi
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.07.2012
• EAN: 9781118140512
• ISBN: 978-1-118-14051-2
• No. of pages: 256
• Series: Wiley Series in Display Technology; Wiley Series in Display Technology
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering