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Informationen zum Autor Dennis B. Malpass received his PhD in organometallic chemistry from The University of Tennessee in 1970 and began his career with Texas Alkyls, Inc. (now AkzoNobel). His industrial career spanned thirty-three years working on synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal alkyls, especially aluminum alkyls in Ziegler-Natta polymerization of olefins. He has more than eighty patents and publications and now consults in the polyolefins industry. He also teaches organic chemistry and is an instructor for continuing education courses for SPE and ACS. In 2010 he authored Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene . Elliot I. Band received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from Cornell University in 1980. He has been in research and development with AkzoNobel and its predecessor companies for over thirty years. His tenure includes twenty years in Ziegler-Natta catalyst synthesis, manufacture, quality control, and technical support to polypropylene manufacturers in North and South America. He presently manages a group of chemists and engineers that develops new cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants for AkzoNobel. Elliot has thirty publications and more than twenty patents. Klappentext This introductory text is an important resource for new engineers, chemists, students, and chemical industry personnel to understand the technical aspects of polypropylene which is the 2nd largest synthetics polymer in manufactured output.The book considers the following topics:* What are the principal types of polypropylene and how do they differ?* What catalysts are used to produce polypropylene and how do they function?* What is the role of cocatalysts and how have they evolved over the years?* How are industrial polypropylene catalysts tested and the resultant polymer evaluated?* What processes are used in the manufacture of polypropylene?* What are the biopolymer alternatives to polypropylene?* What companies are the major industrial manufacturers of polypropylene?* What is the environmental fate of polypropylene? Zusammenfassung * The only introductory text on the 2nd largest manufactured synthetic polymer Inhaltsverzeichnis List of tables xiii List of figures xv Preface ix 1 Introduction to Polymers of Propylene 1 1.1 Origins of Crystalline Polypropylene 1 1.2 Basic Description of Polypropylene 4 1.3 Types and Nomenclature of Polypropylene 9 1.4 Molecular Weight of Polypropylene 12 1.5 Transition Metal Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization 15 1.6 Questions 17 References 18 2 Polymer Characterization 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Polymer Tacticity 24 2.3 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution 36 2.4 Polymer Bulk Density 48 2.5 Particle Size Distribution and Morphology 50 2.6 Questions 54 References 55 3 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 59 3.1 A Brief History of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 59 3.2 Definitions and Nomenclature 61 3.3 Characteristics of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 63 3.4 Early Commercial Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 65 3.5 Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 67 3.6 Prepolymerized Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 68 3.7 Mechanism of Ziegler-Natta Polymerization 69 3.8 Questions and Exercises 73 References 73 4 Propylene Polymerization Catalysts 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Zero Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 77 4.3 First Generation ZN Catalysts 79 4.4 Second Generation ZN Catalysts 82 4.5 Third Generation ZN Catalysts 84 4.6 Fourth Generation ZN Catalysts 86 4.7 Fifth Generation ZN Catalysts 89 4.8 ZN Catalysts for Atactic Polypropylene 92 4.9 Metallocenes and Other Single Site Catalysts 93 4.10 Cocatalysts for ZN Catalysts 94 4.11 Kinetics and ...
