Read more
Informationen zum Autor Anne E. Baker is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Amsterdam with a specialisation in psycholinguistics and sign linguistics. Her publications include Taal en taalwetenschap (ed. with René Appel, Kees Hengeveld, Folkert Kuiken, and Pieter Muysken, 2002) and Sign Language Acquisition (ed. with Bencie Woll, 2008). Kees Hengeveld is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Amsterdam with a specialisation in linguistic typology and grammatical theory. His publications include Functional Discourse Grammar: A typologically-based theory of language structure (with J. Lachlan Mackenzie, 2008) and The Theory of Functional Grammar (with Simon C. Dik, 1997). Klappentext Linguistics is a comprehensive crosslinguistic introduction to the study of language, and is ideal for students with no background in linguistics.* A comprehensive introduction to the study of language, set apart by its inclusion of cross-linguistic data from over 80 different spoken and signed languages* Explores how language works by examining discourse, sentence-structure, meaning, words, and sounds* Introduces psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic issues, including language acquisition, neurolinguistics, language variation, language change, language contact, and multilingualism* Written in a problem-oriented style to engage readers, and is ideal for those new to the subject* Incorporates numerous student-friendly features throughout, including extensive exercises, summaries, assignments, and suggestions for further reading* Based on the bestselling Dutch edition of this work, the English edition has been revised and expanded to offer an up-to-date and engaging survey of linguistics for students new to the field Zusammenfassung Linguistics is a comprehensive crosslinguistic introduction to the study of language, and is ideal for undergraduate and graduate level students without previous background in linguistics. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures and Tables xiii Preface xvii Part I Language and the Language Faculty 1 1 From Language to Linguistics 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Languages 5 1.3 Other Languages 9 1.4 Differences 15 1.5 Linguistics 17 1.6 Different Kinds of Grammar 19 1.7 The Contents of this Book and the Subfields of Linguistics 22 Summary 24 Assignments 26 Test Yourself 27 Acknowledgments and Further Reading 27 2 The Language User 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Knowledge and Ability: The Cognitive System 30 2.3 Language and the Brain 34 2.4 Language Comprehension 37 2.4.1 Speech Recognition 38 2.4.2 Word Recognition 39 2.4.3 Understanding Sentences 41 2.4.4 Interpretation of Utterances 43 2.4.5 From Speech Recognition to Interpretation 43 2.5 Language Production 44 2.5.1 What Do You Want to Say? 45 2.5.2 Formulation: Grammatical Encoding 46 2.5.3 Formulation: Phonological Encoding 48 2.5.4 Articulation 50 2.5.5 Speaking: From Intention to Articulation 51 Summary 52 Assignments 53 Test Yourself 54 Acknowledgments and Further Reading 55 3 Language Acquisition 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 How Do Children Acquire Language? 59 3.3 The Order of First Language Acquisition 62 3.4 Factors that Influence the Acquisition of a Second Language 66 3.5 The Order of Second Language Acquisition 69 3.6 Bilingual Development 74 Summary 77 Assignments 78 Test Yourself 79 Acknowledgments and Further Reading 80 Part II Language and Interaction 81 4 Discourse 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Interpretation and Inference 84 4.3 Cooperation 86 4.4 Conversations...
List of contents
List of Figures and Tables xiii
Preface xvii
Part I Language and the Language Faculty 1
1 From Language to Linguistics 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Languages 5
1.3 Other Languages 9
1.4 Differences 15
1.5 Linguistics 17
1.6 Different Kinds of Grammar 19
1.7 The Contents of this Book and the Subfields of Linguistics 22
2 The Language User 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Knowledge and Ability: The Cognitive System 30
2.3 Language and the Brain 34
2.4 Language Comprehension 37
2.5 Language Production 44
3 Language Acquisition 57
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 How Do Children Acquire Language? 59
3.3 The Order of First Language Acquisition 62
3.4 Factors that Influence the Acquisition of a Second Language 66
3.5 The Order of Second Language Acquisition 69
3.6 Bilingual Development 74
Part II Language and Interaction 81
4 Discourse 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Interpretation and Inference 84
4.3 Cooperation 86
4.4 Conversations 89
4.5 Coherence Through Linguistic Form 95
5 Speech Acts 103
5.1 Introduction 103
5.2 An Utterance is an Act 104
5.3 Information Structure 110
5.4 Pragmatic Appropriateness 114
Part III Sentences and Their Meaning 121
6 Constituents and Word Classes 123
6.1 Introduction 123
6.2 Constituents 124
6.3 Sentences, Clauses and Phrases 126
6.4 Phrase Types 127
6.5 Heads and Modifiers 130
6.6 Constituent Structure 131
6.7 Phrases Versus Words 135
6.8 Word Classes: Content Words 136
6.9 Word Classes: Function Words 138
7 Simple Sentences 143
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Functions of Phrases Within the Sentence 144
7.3 Valency 147
7.4 Semantic Roles 150
7.5 Grammatical Roles 151
7.6 The Marking of Semantic and Grammatical Roles 153
7.7 Reduction of Valency 154
7.8 Reflexive Constructions 155
7.9 Pronominalisation 157
8 Complex Sentences 161
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 The Functions of Embedded Clauses 162
8.3 The Forms of Embedded Clauses 165
8.4 Interaction between Main Clause and Embedded Clause 168
8.5 Coordinated Clauses 172
8.6 The Form of Coordinated Clauses 173
9 Constituent Order 177
9.1 Introduction 177
9.2 Constituent Order and Levels of Analysis 178
9.3 Constituent Order at the Sentence Level 179
9.4 Clause Type 181
9.5 Embedded Clauses 182
9.6 Complexity 183
9.7 The Information Status of Constituents 184
9.8 Constituent Order within Constituents 185
9.9 Correlations 188
9.10 Discontinuous Constituents 190
Summary 191
10 Sentence Meaning 195
10.1 Introduction 195
10.2 Compositionality 196
10.3 Noun Phrases: Reference 197
10.4 Noun Phrases: Deixis and Anaphora 203
10.5 Verb Phrases: Tense and Aspect 206
10.6 Verb Phrases: Situation Types 210
Part IV Words and Their Meaning 217
11 Lexicon 219
11.1 Introduction 219
11.2 What is aWord? 220
11.3 The Relation Between Word Form and Meaning 221
11.4 Content Words and Function Words 223
11.5 The Lexicon 226
11.6 Kinds of Lexical Information 2
