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The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put a tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources; and environ mental pollution have both accelerated the development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which can not be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying a large number of the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited by commercial companies in propagation of ornamentals, especially foliage house plants. Gene rally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recalcitrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taedb), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus, mango (Mangifera indica), etc. , offer a ray of hope of: a) inexpensive clonal propagation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or somatic seedlings; b) protoplast work; c) cryopreservation; d) genetic transformation; and e) synthetic or artificial or manufactured seed production.
List of contents
Section A. Dedication: Harry Waris, a pioneer in somatic embryogenesis; L. Simola. 1. Historical insights into some contemporary problems in somatic embryogenesis; A.D. Krikorian. 2. Current status of thin layer method for the induction of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in woody trees; K.T. Thanh Van, B. Van Le. 3. Somatic embryogenesis in tropical fruit trees; N. Akhtar, et al. 4. Somatic embryogenesis in fruit and forest trees of arid zone; R.R. Bhansali, M. Singh. 5. Status of somatic embryogenesis in Indian forest trees; P.S. Rao, et al. 6. Somatic embryogenesis research of fruit trees in India; R. Nadgauda, et al. 7. Applications of somatic embryogenesis for the improvement of tropical fruit trees; N. Akhtar, S.M. Jain. Section B. 8. Somatic embryogenesis in oil palm; A. Rival. 9. Applied and basic studies on somatic embryogenesis in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.); R. Rodriguez, et al. 10. Somatic embryogenesis in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.); A. Onay, C.E. Jeffree. 11. Somatic embryogenesis in pecan (Carya illinoinensis); H.Y. Wetzstein, et al. 12. Somatic embryogenesis in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.); Z. Lai, et al. 13. Somatic embryogenesis induction in tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea); M.L. Lopes, et al. 14. Somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Ktze; M.P. Guerra, et al. 15. Somatic and gametic embryogenesis in Quercus suber L.; M.A. Bueno, et al. 16. Somatic embryogenesis in Aspidosperma polyneuron Mull. Arg; L.L.F. Ribas, et al. 17. Somatic embryogenesis in a leguminous tree- Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.; S. Shahana, S.C. Gupta. 18. Somatic embryogenesis in cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.); M. Lambardi. 19. Somatic embryogenesis in rattan (Calamus spp.); D.K.S. Goh, et al. 20. Somatic embryogenesis in jojoba (Simmondsia chiensis); V. Agrawal, et al. 21. Somatic embryogenesis in Aegle marmelos (L.) corr., a medicinal tress; A. Arumugam, M.V. Rao. 22. Environmental and biochemical factors controlling the in vitro emergence of somatic embryos European spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.); L.M. Bonneau. 23. Somatic embryogenesis in Quercus acutissima; K.Y. Wook. Section C. 24. Cryostorage of Citrus embryogenic cultures; R.M. Perez. 25. Cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures of conifers; H.M. Haggman, et al. 26. Cryopreservation of embryogenic calli of Heavea brasiliensis; F. Engelman, H. Etienne.
