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Informationen zum Autor Ian Hutchings is Professor of Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Cambridge. He is also Principal Investigator for the EPSRC and industry-funded project on Next Generation Inkjet Technology: A major UK collaborative initiative. Dr Graham Martin is currently Director for the Inkjet Research Centre at Cambridge University, and prior to this he spent many years in the inkjet industry. Klappentext Whilst inkjet technology is well-established on home and small office desktops and is now having increasing impact in commercial printing, it can also be used to deposit materials other than ink as individual droplets at a microscopic scale. This allows metals, ceramics, polymers and biological materials (including living cells) to be patterned on to substrates under precise digital control. This approach offers huge potential advantages for manufacturing, since inkjet methods can be used to generate structures and functions which cannot be attained in other ways.Beginning with an overview of the fundamentals, this bookcovers the key components, for example piezoelectric print-heads and fluids for inkjet printing, and the processes involved. It goes on to describe specific applications, e.g. MEMS, printed circuits, active and passive electronics, biopolymers and living cells, and additive manufacturing. Detailed case studies are included on flat-panel OLED displays, RFID (radio-frequency identification) manufacturing and tissue engineering, while a comprehensive examination of the current technologies and future directions of inkjet technology completes the coverage.With contributions from both academic researchers and leading names in the industry, Inkjet Technology for Digital Fabrication is a comprehensive resource for technical development engineers, researchers and students in inkjet technology and system development, and will also appeal to researchers in chemistry, physics, engineering, materials science and electronics. Zusammenfassung * Fills a need for an up-to-date book covering recent research in inkjet developments Inhaltsverzeichnis About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xv Preface xvii 1. Introduction to Inkjet Printing for Manufacturing 1 Ian M. Hutchings and Graham D. Martin 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Materials and Their Deposition by Inkjet Printing 3 1.2.1 General Remarks 3 1.2.2 Deposition of Metals 3 1.2.3 Deposition of Ceramics 6 1.2.4 Deposition of Polymers 7 1.3 Applications to Manufacturing 8 1.3.1 Direct Deposition 9 1.3.2 Inkjet Mask Printing 12 1.3.3 Inkjet Etching 13 1.3.4 Inverse Inkjet Printing 14 1.3.5 Printing onto a Powder Bed 15 1.4 Potential and Limitations 15 References 17 2. Fundamentals of Inkjet Technology 21 Graham D. Martin and Ian M. Hutchings 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Surface Tension and Viscosity 23 2.3 Dimensionless Groups in Inkjet Printing 25 2.4 Methods of Drop Generation 27 2.4.1 Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) 27 2.4.2 Drop-on-Demand (DOD) 28 2.4.3 Electrospray 33 2.5 Resolution and Print Quality 34 2.6 Grey-Scale Printing 35 2.7 Reliability 36 2.8 Satellite Drops 38 2.9 Print-Head and Substrate Motion 39 2.10 Inkjet Complexity 42 References 42 3. Dynamics of Piezoelectric Print-Heads 45 J. Frits Dijksman and Anke Pierik 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Basic Designs of Piezo-Driven Print-Heads 47 3.3 Basic Dynamics of a Piezo-Driven Inkjet Print-Head (Single-Degree-of-Freedom Analysis) 49 3.4 Design Considerations for Droplet Emission from Piezo-Driven Print-Heads 60 3.4.1 Droplet Formation 60 3.4.2 Damping 66 3.4.3 Refilling 67 3.4.4 Deceleration Due to Elongational Effects Prior...
List of contents
About the Editors xiii
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1. Introduction to Inkjet Printing for Manufacturing 1
Ian M. Hutchings and Graham D. Martin
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Materials and Their Deposition by Inkjet Printing 3
1.3 Applications to Manufacturing 8
1.4 Potential and Limitations 15
References 17
2. Fundamentals of Inkjet Technology 21
Graham D. Martin and Ian M. Hutchings
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Surface Tension and Viscosity 23
2.3 Dimensionless Groups in Inkjet Printing 25
2.4 Methods of Drop Generation 27
2.5 Resolution and Print Quality 34
2.6 Grey-Scale Printing 35
2.7 Reliability 36
2.8 Satellite Drops 38
2.9 Print-Head and Substrate Motion 39
2.10 Inkjet Complexity 42
References 42
3. Dynamics of Piezoelectric Print-Heads 45
J. Frits Dijksman and Anke Pierik
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Basic Designs of Piezo-Driven Print-Heads 47
3.3 Basic Dynamics of a Piezo-Driven Inkjet Print-Head (Single-Degree-of-Freedom Analysis) 49
3.4 Design Considerations for Droplet Emission from Piezo-Driven Print-Heads 60
3.5 Multi-Cavity Helmholtz Resonator Theory 71
3.6 Long Duct Theory 77
3.7 Concluding Remarks 83
References 84
4. Fluids for Inkjet Printing 87
Stephen G. Yeates, Desheng Xu, Marie-Beatrice Madec, Dolores Caras-Quintero, Khalid A. Alamry, Andromachi Malandraki and Veronica Sanchez-Romaguera
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Print-Head Considerations 88
4.3 Physical Considerations in DOD Droplet Formation 89
4.4 Ink Design Considerations 95
4.5 Ink Classification 95
4.6 Applications in Electronic Devices 105
References 108
5. When the Drop Hits the Substrate 113
Jonathan Stringer and Brian Derby
5.1 Introduction 113
5.2 Stable Droplet Deposition 114
5.3 Unstable Droplet Deposition 120
5.4 Capillarity-Driven Spreading 122
5.5 Coalescence 126
5.6 Phase Change 131
5.7 Summary 134
References 135
6. Manufacturing of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 141
David B. Wallace
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Limitations and Opportunities in MEMS Fabrication 142
6.3 Benefits of Inkjet in MEMS Fabrication 143
6.4 Chemical Sensors 144
6.5 Optical MEMS Devices 147
6.6 Bio-MEMS Devices 151
6.7 Assembly and Packaging 152
6.8 Conclusions 156
Acknowledgements 156
References 156
7. Conductive Tracks and Passive Electronics 159
Jake Reder
7.1 Introduction 159
7.2 Vision 159
7.3 Drivers 160
7.4 Incumbent Technologies 162
7.5 Conductive Tracks and Contacts 162
7.6 Raw Materials: Ink 164
7.7 Raw Materials: Conductive Polymers 172
7.8 Raw Materials: Substrates 172
7.9 Printing Processes 174
7.10 Post Deposition Processing 174
7.11 Resistors 175
7.12 Capacitors 176
7.13 Other Passive Electronic Devices 176
7.14 Outlook 178
References 178
8. Printed Circuit Board Fabrication 183
Neil Chilton
8.1 Introduction 183
8.2 What Is a PCB? 183
8.3 How Is a PCB Manufactured Conventionally? 185
8.4 Imaging 185
8.5 PCB Design Formats 188
8.6 Inkjet Applications in PCB Manufacturing 189
8.7 Future Possibilities
