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Informationen zum Autor Professor John B. Vincent, Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, USA Professor Vincent has been working in the area of the bioinorganic chemistry of chromium(III) for nearly 20 years. He has ~125 peer-reviewed publications, book chapters, review articles, and books and 9 patents. He has recently completed a general chemistry laboratory manual for Pearson/Prentice Hall; the second edition of this manual will appear in early 2010. He has presented his research on chromium at numerous regional, national, and international meetings. Professor Diane M. Stearns, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, USA Professor Stearns is a metal toxicologist and has been working in the field of inorganic biochemistry and metal toxicology for over 20 years. She has been teaching graduate courses in toxicology, biochemistry, and cancer biology for over 12 years. She has published 23 peer-reviewed research articles and 8 invited reviews and book chapters on metals. She has presented results of metal toxicology research at numerous scientific conferences and invited seminars. Klappentext Chromium exists in nature as complexes of two stable oxidation states - trivalent chromium(III) and hexavalent chromium(VI). Although trivalent chromium is required in trace amounts for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans and its deficiency may cause a disease called chromium deficiency; hexavalent chromium is toxic and carcinogenic. As chromium compounds were used in dyes and paints and the tanning of leather, these compounds are often found in soil and groundwater at abandoned industrial sites, now needing environmental cleanup and remediation.The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology takes a critical look at what the biochemical data indicate about chromium's role in the body and the biological mechanisms of its toxicology. Topics covered include:* What do we know about the biochemical roles and mechanisms of chromium?* Is chromium an essential element in the mammalian diet?* Is chromium(III) effective as a nutraceutical, a therapeutic agent, and as a supplement in animal feed?* What is the biochemistry behind the toxicology of chromium(III) and chromium(VI):the mechanisms of metabolism, genetic and epigenetic effects, and disruption of cell signalling?* What are the current chromium(VI) policies and positions from regulatory agencies?The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Chromium: From Biochemistry to Environmental Toxicology is an important contribution to the bioinorganic and trace element biochemical fields which will find a place on the bookshelves of bioinorganic chemists, biochemists, inorganic chemists, toxicologists, nutritionists and regulatory affairs professionals. Zusammenfassung Chromium exists in nature as complexes of two stable oxidation states trivalent chromium(III) and hexavalent chromium(VI). The former is required in trace amounts for human metabolism, while the latter is toxic and carcinogenic. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface ix Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction - The Current Status of Chromium(III) 1 References 5 2 Is Chromium Essential? The Evidence 7 2.1 'Chromium-Deficient' Diet Studies with Rats 9 2.2 Total Parenteral Nutrition 11 2.3 Chromium Absorption Versus Intake and the Transport of Chromium by Transferrin 12 2.4 Chromium Movement Related to Stresses 21 References 25 3 The Story of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) 31 3.1 The 'Identification' of GTF 31 3.2 Brewer's Yeast 'GTF' 35 3.3 Biological Activity Assays 39 3.4 Porcine Kidney Powder 'GTF' 40 3.5 Other Questions Regarding 'GTF' 40 3.6 Conclusions about GTF 41 3.7 The Race to Synthesize a Model of 'GTF' 42 3.8 Related Animal Studies 43 Refere...
