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Informationen zum Autor Richard A. Storey , AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK Ingvar Ymén , AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden Klappentext The field of solid state characterization is central to the pharmaceutical industry, as drug products are, in an overwhelming number of cases, produced as solid materials. Selection of the optimum solid form is a critical aspect of the development of pharmaceutical compounds, due to their ability to exist in more than one form or crystal structure (polymorphism). These polymorphs exhibit different physical properties which can affect their biopharmaceutical properties. This book provides an up-to-date review of the current techniques used to characterize pharmaceutical solids. Ensuring balanced, practical coverage with industrial relevance, it covers a range of key applications in the field. The following topics are included: Physical properties and processes Thermodynamics Intellectual guidance X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy Microscopy Particle sizing Mechanical properties Vapour sorption Thermal analysis & Calorimetry Polymorph prediction Form selection This book serves as a vital resource for professionals and postgraduate researchers in industrial pharmacy or pharmaceutical chemistry, drug development and analytical chemistry. It is particularly relevant for pharmaceutical scientists with limited experience of solid state characterization. Zusammenfassung Solid form selection is a critical part of the development of a pharmaceutical compound. Owing to different crystal structures! polymorphic forms of a compound have different physical and chemical properties! which can affect the biopharmaceutical properties of a pharmaceutical compound. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors. About the Editors. Preface. 1. Introduction to the Solid State - Physical Properties and Processes ( Ingvar Ymen ). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Neutral Pharmaceutical Molecules. 1.3 Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams. 1.4 Neutral Pharmaceutical Molecules in the Solid State. 1.5 Salt Formation and Acid-Base Equilibrium.6 1.6 Polymorphs, Solvates and Mixed Crystals. 1.7 Phase Transitions and Kinetics. 1.8 Screening for 'Polymorphs' (Ansolvates and Solvates). 1.9 Summary. 1.10 Acknowledgements. 2. X-Ray Diffraction ( Chris J. Gilmore ). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Generation and Properties of X-Rays. 2.3 Crystal, Lattices, Unit Cells and Symmetry. 2.4 The Interaction of X-rays with Crystals. 2.5 Collecting Intensity Data for Single Crystals. 2.6 Determining Crystal Structures. 2.7 Powder Diffraction. 2.8 Amorphous Powders. 2.9 Particle Size. 2.10 Other Radiations: Neutrons and Electrons. 3. Spectroscopic Characterization ( Andrew O'Neil and Howell Edwards ). 3.1 Introduction and Theory. 3.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. 3.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy. 3.4 Mid- and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. 3.5 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. 3.6 Raman Spectroscopy. 3.7 Chemical Imaging and Mapping Microscopy. 3.8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 3.9 Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy. 4. Thermal Analysis - Conventional Techniques ( Mark Saunders and Paul Gabbott ). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). 4.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). 4.4 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). 4.5 Determining the Melting Behaviour of Crystalline Solids. 4.6 Polymorphism. 4.7 Solvates and Hydrates (Pseudopolymorphism). 4.8 Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) and Simultaneous Measurements. 4.9 Amorphous Content. 4.10 Purity Determination Using DSC. 4.11 Excipient Compatibility. <...
