Large and Middle-Scale Aperture Aspheric Surfaces - Lapping, Polishing and Measurement

A complete all-in-one reference to aspheric fabrication and testing for optical applications
 
This book provides a detailed introduction to the manufacturing and measurement technologies in aspheric fabrication. For each technology, both basic theory and practical applications are introduced.
 
The book consists of two parts. In the first part, the basic principles of manufacturing technology for aspheric surfaces and key theory for deterministic subaperture polishing of aspheric surfaces are discussed. Then key techniques for high precision figuring such as CCOS with small polishing pad, IBF and MRF, are introduced, including the basic principles, theories and applications, mathematical modeling methods, machine design and process parameter selection. It also includes engineering practices and experimental results, based on the three kinds of polishing tools (CCOS, IBF and MRF) developed by the author's research team.
 
In the second part, basic principles of measurement and some typical examples for large and middle-scale aspheric surfaces are discussed. Then, according to the demands of low cost, high accuracy and in-situ measurement methods in the manufacturing process, three kinds of technologies are introduced, such as the Cartesian and swing-arm polar coordinate profilometer, the sub-aperture stitching interferometer and the phase retrieval method based on diffraction principle. Some key techniques are also discussed, including the basic principles, mathematical modeling methods, machine design and process parameter selection, as well as engineering practices and experimental results. Finally, the team's research results about subsurface quality measurement and guarantee methods are also described.
 
This book can be used as a reference for scientists and technologists working in optical manufacturing, ultra-precision machining, precision instruments and measurement, and other precision engineering fields.
* A complete all-in-one reference to aspheric fabrication and testing for optical applications
* Presents the latest research findings from the author's internationally recognized leading team who are at the cutting edge of the technology
* Brings together surface processing and measurement in one complete volume, discussing problems and solutions
* Guides the reader from an introductory overview through to more advanced and sophisticated techniques of metrology and manufacturing, suitable for the student and the industry professional

List of contents

About the Author xiii
 
Foreword xv
 
Preface xvii
 
1 Foundation of the Aspheric Optical Polishing Technology 1
 
1.1 Advantages and Application of Aspheric Optics 1
 
1.1.1 Advantages of Optical Aspherics 1
 
1.1.2 The Application of Aspheric Optical Components in Military Equipment 2
 
1.1.3 The Aspheric Optical Components in the Civilian Equipment 2
 
1.2 The Characteristics of Manufacturing Aspheric Mirror 3
 
1.2.1 Requirements of Modern Optical System on Manufacturing Aspheric Parts 3
 
1.2.2 The Processing Analysis of Aspheric Optical Parts 7
 
1.3 The Manufacturing Technology for Ultra-Smooth Surface 9
 
1.3.1 Super-Smooth Surface and Its Applications 9
 
1.3.2 Manufacturing Technology Overview of Super-Smooth Surface 11
 
1.3.3 Manufacturing Technology of Ultra-Smooth Surface Based on the Mechanical Micro-Cutting Principles 12
 
1.3.4 The Traditional Abrasive Polishing Technology for Ultra-Smooth Surface 13
 
1.3.5 The Principles and Methods of Non-contact Ultra-Smooth Polishing 15
 
1.3.6 The Non-contact Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) 17
 
1.3.7 The Magnetic Field Effect Auxiliary Processing Technology 17
 
1.3.8 The Particle Flowing Machining Technology 18
 
1.4 The Advanced Aspheric Optical Polishing Technology 19
 
1.4.1 The Classic Polishing for Aspheric Optical Parts 19
 
1.4.2 The Modern CNC Polishing Method of Aspheric Optical Parts 20
 
1.4.3 The Controllable Compliant Tool (CTT) Manufacturing Technology for Aspheric Optical Components 22
 
1.5 The CCT Based on Elasticity Theory 28
 
1.5.1 The Controlled Elastic Deformation Pad Polishing--Stressed-Lap Polishing (SLP) 29
 
1.5.2 The Controlled Mirror Body Elastic Deformation Polishing by Active Support 29
 
1.5.3 Bonnet Polishing with Precession Process 30
 
1.6 The Key Basic Theory of CCT Technology Based on the Multi-Energy Field 30
 
1.6.1 The Material Removal Mechanism and Mathematical Model 31
 
1.6.2 The Multi-Parameter Control Strategy 32
 
1.6.3 4D CNC Technology 34
 
1.6.4 The Evolution Theory and Control Technology of the Errors 36
 
1.6.5 The Equipment and Technology of the CCT 40
 
References 41
 
2 The Basic Theory of Aspheric Optical Lapping and Polishing Technology 45
 
2.1 The Preston Equation of Optical-Mechanical Polishing Technology and Its Application 45
 
2.1.1 The Preston Equation 45
 
2.1.2 The Application of Preston Equation in the Traditional Polishing 47
 
2.2 The Deterministic Processing Principle for Aspheric 49
 
2.3 The Molding Theory of Aspheric Surface Processing 51
 
2.3.1 The Dual-Series Model for the Aspheric Molding Process 51
 
2.3.2 The Influence of the Removal Function Size on the Processing 53
 
2.3.3 The Influence of Removal Function Disturbing 55
 
2.3.4 The Influence of the Positioning Errors 59
 
2.3.5 The Influence of Discrete Interval 60
 
2.4 The Figuring Theory of Linear Scanning Mode on Full-Aperture 63
 
2.4.1 The Iterative Algorithm Based on Bayesian 64
 
2.4.2 The Pulse Iterative Method 72
 
2.4.3 The Truncated Singular Value Decomposition 73
 
2.5 The Polar Scanning Mode of Surface Figuring 76
 
2.5.1 The Removal Function with Approximate Rotation Symmetry Property 76
 
2.5.2 The Removal Function without the Characteristics of Rotation Symmetry 78
 
2.6 The Frequency Domain Analysis of Forming 83
 
2.6.1 The Characteristics of the Spectrum Under the General Forming Conditions 84
 
2.6.2 The Figuring Ability o

About the author

Professor Shengyi Li, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China. Prior to moving to the NUDT, Professor Li was a Visiting Scholar at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Columbia University, both USA. He has contributed to over 200 publications, including 130 refereed journal articles, 6 edited books (all in Chinese) and 11 invited reports. Professor Li's current research interests include ultra-precision machining technology, magnetorheological finishing, ion beam figuring, measurement and control of precision mechatronic system, and theory and technology of modern optical testing. Yifan Dai, Director, Department of Mechatronic Engineering, College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.

Summary

A complete all-in-one reference to aspheric fabrication and testing for optical applications This book provides a detailed introduction to the manufacturing and measurement technologies in aspheric fabrication. For each technology, both basic theory and practical applications are introduced.

Product details

• Authors: Yifan Dai, S Li, Shengy Li, Shengyi Li, Shengyi Dai Li, Shengyi Li
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 14.03.2017
• EAN: 9781118537466
• ISBN: 978-1-118-53746-6
• No. of pages: 568
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > General, dictionaries; Maschinenbau, Materialwissenschaften, Mechanical Engineering, Materials science, Optische u. Nichtlineare Optische Materialien, Optical and Non-Linear Optical Materials, Maschinenbau - Entwurf, Mechanical Engineering - Design, Mess- u. Regeltechnik, Control Process & Measurements, Optische Materialien