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Zusammenfassung This text presents the conceptual and technical developments of the subject without unduly compromising on either the historical or logical perspective. It also covers the tremendous range of scientifically deep and technologically revolutionary applications of thermodynamics. The text explains how thermodynamics evolved from a few basic laws that were amazingly successful and with tremendous range! without even knowing about the atomic structure of matter or the laws governing the behavior of atoms. Inhaltsverzeichnis The Beginnings Temperature and Thermometry Ideal Gas Laws Heat and Specific Heats Sadi Carnot and the Motive Power of Heat Steam Engines and the Clapeyron Equation Problems First Law-The E = Mc 2 of Thermodynamics The Fall of the Caloric The Path to the First Law The First Law of Thermodynamics Some Applications of the First Law Problems Suggested Reading for This Book in General The Second and Third Laws Perpetuum Mobiles The Entropy Axiom: The First Part of the Second Law Entropy Axiom and Universality of Carnot Cycles Historical Formulations of the Second Law Second Law and Irreversibility An Absolute Scale of Temperature Applications of the First and Second Laws Third Law of Thermodynamics - the Nemst-Planck Postulate Problems Carnot Cycles - The Turing Machines of Thermodynamics The Gas Carnot Cycles The Steam Carnot Cycle The Stirling Engine The Otto Cycle The Brayton Cycle Carnot Cycle with Photons Problems Specific Heats Magnificent Bridges A Brief History Varieties of Specific Heats Specific Heats and the Third Law Specific Heats and Microscopics Specific Heats Herald Quantum Theory! Problems Structure of Thermodynamic Theories Extensive and Intensive Variables: General The Fundamental Equations True Equations of State Multicomponent Systems Entropy of Mixing and the Gibbs Paradox Worked-Out Examples Axiomatic Intensive Variables and Equilibrium Problems Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations Thermodynamic Potentials Maxwell's Relations Problems Magnetic Systems Introduction Thermodynamic Potentials Problems Dilute Solutions General Considerations Mixing Revisited Osmotic Pressure Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point Point of Solutions Freezing Point of Dilute Solutions Salt Water Phase Diagram Problems Phases and Their Equilibria The Gibbs Phase Rule Phases of Water Phases of Carbon Helium-3 Phase Diagram Helium-4 Phase Diagram QCD Phase Diagram Superconducting Phase Transitions High- T c Superconductor Phase Diagram Problems The Clapeyron Equation Clapeyron's Original Treatment More Modern Approaches Freezing Curves The Clausius-Clapeyron Approximation Temperature Dependence of Latent Heats Boiling Points of Dilute Solutions Breakdown of the Clapeyron Equation Magnetic Clapeyron Equation Problems The van der Waals Equation Thermodynamic Aspects Existence of Phases in the vdW System Negative Pressures in vdW Systems Surface Tension Thermodynamics of Inhomogeneous Substances Revisiting the Bubble Pressure Problems The Critical Point Overview Critical Properties of Water:data Critical Behaviour of van der Waals Theory Problems Approach to Absolute Zero Standard Methods of Refrigeration Helium Cryostats Dilution Refrigeration Magnetic Cooling Pomeranchuk Cooling Problems Entropy Constants Gaseous ...
