Probability

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This textbook provides an elementary one-semester introduction to the theory of probability which will be suitable for all undergraduates. Its style is deliberately informal and places its emphasis on presenting examples together with intuitive explanations, diagrams, and discussion. Prerequisites are minimal in that the first four chapters may be read without reliance on calculus whilst later chapters use only some basic tools from calculus. The first chapter covers the basic definitions of outcomes, discrete distributions, and the laws of additive and multiplicative probabilities. Chapters 2 and 3 cover further material on discrete distributions, countable additivity, random variables, and introduces the binomial and some other basic discrete distributions. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce continuous distributions whilst chapter 6 covers conditional probabilities and expectations.