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This book explores today's changing intellectual climate, wherein understanding politics at different levels from global to local is considered mandatory in order to appraise the outcome of nature conservation interventions. By carefully examining two such processes - the ban on shahtoosh trade and the 'National Afforestation Programme' in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, the book reveals how these processes are influenced by politics at different levels - from their introduction at the macro-level to their implementation at the micro-level - and in turn become coloured by the agendas and interests of the various stakeholders involved. Throughout the book, one priority is to give a voice to the poor resource-users who have been traditionally dependent on wildlife and forest resources for mere subsistence. Yet, these same people are who bear the brunt of nature conservation costs, rather than those actors who are responsible for the most serious violationsin pursuit of greater profits.
Contemporary Environmental Sociology is chiefly characterised by its focus on power relations in resource conservation and management. In 'political ecology' literature, too - especially after recognising the paradoxes and limitations of approaches such as 'sustainable development', 'sustainable livelihoods' and 'community based natural resource management' - there is a growing concern for critical analyses of multi-level politics in connection with nature conservation.
The purpose of the book is not to challenge the gravity of environmental concerns, but to question the dominance of conservation interests over the subsistence needs of local communities, and to strike a balance between environmental and social justice. It argues that, unless and until more just accountability for the affected populations is ensured, conservation policies are unlikely to meet the goals of sustainable resource management.
Given its critical engagement with human-nature conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir, the book offers a unique resource for students and scholars of Environmental Sociology, Political Ecology, Natural Resources Management, Conflict Studies and Human Rights Studies.
About the author
Saloni Gupta's research interests include political ecology, sociology of work, development sociology and cultural studies. She holds a master's degree in Sociology from the University of Jammu, India, and a PhD in Development Studies from the University of London, UK, for which she received a Commonwealth Fellowship. She has conducted extensive fieldwork in India on issues related to wildlife and forest conservation, and has taught courses on environmental sociology, globalisation and development studies at universities in India, the UK and Germany. She is currently working as an independent researcher in India.
Summary
The first academic work on the banning of shahtoosh wool trade in Kashmir, and first systematic account of joint forest management in the Jammu and Kashmir region in India
Provides an application of political ecology approach in conflict regions
Analyzes the debates around the possibilities for ‘sustainable development’ and ‘sustainable livelihoods’ in depth
Unfolds the politics of nature conservation between different stakeholders involved at multiple levels— global to local
Introduces two new concepts/processes: ‘delegated illegality’ and ‘split role’ of the state
Touches upon sensitive issues such as illegal timber and shawl trade, contributing to the emerging literature on illegality and corruption in nature conservation
