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Informationen zum Autor James P. Cowan is a board-certified noise control engineer with more than 30 years of experience in noise control, architectural acoustics, and environmental noise issues. He has consulted to public agencies, architects, engineers, industrial personnel, and attorneys in all areas of noise control; hearing damage and protection criteria; and acoustic design of all types of spaces. Mr. Cowan has lectured on acoustical topics to thousands of professionals, delivering live seminars and webinars, and teaching courses for universities, professional societies, and private organizations across the US for more than 25 years. In addition to several book chapters and many published articles, Mr. Cowan is the author of Architectural Acoustics Design Guide , published by McGraw-Hill in 2000, Architectural Acoustics , an interactive educational CD set published by McGraw-Hill in 1999, and Handbook of Environmental Acoustics , a reference book in community noise issues published by Van Nostrand Reinhold (subsequently Wiley) in 1994. Klappentext Provides a summary of current research results on the physiological and psychological effects of sound on people Covers how the operation of the hearing mechanism affects our reactions to sounds Includes research results from studies on noise sources of public concern such as transportation, public utility, and recreational sources, with emphasis on low frequency sound and infrasound Covers sounds that affect some but not others, how sounds can be controlled on a practical level, and how and what sounds are regulated Includes coverage of both positive and negative effects of sound Zusammenfassung The Effects of Sound on Peopleprovides a summary of the latest published research on the effects of sound on people! accompanied by thorough explanations of the technical descriptors typically used in these studies! permitting non-technical readers to understand the issues and be able to judge the validity of the results for themselves. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures xi List of Tables xiv About the Author xv Series Preface xvi Preface xvii 1 Acoustic Parameters 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Sound generation 1 1.2.1 Frequency 2 1.2.2 Wavelength 4 1.3 Sound Propagation 5 1.3.1 Unimpeded divergence 6 1.3.2 Impeded Propagation 7 Reflection 8 Refraction 8 Diffraction 9 Diffusion 10 1.3.3 Sound Behavior Indoors 10 Echo 11 Room modes 11 Reverberation 13 1.3.4 Sound Behavior Outdoors 14 Atmospheric absorption 14 Atmospheric refraction 15 Ground effects 16 Vegetation effects 17 References 18 2 Sound Description 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 The Decibel Scale 19 2.3 Frequency Weighting Networks 21 2.3.1 Loudness 21 2.3.2 Weighting scales 24 2.4 Frequency Band Analysis 26 2.4.1 Noise by color 28 2.5 Common Sound Descriptors 29 2.5.1 Environmental descriptors 29 2.5.2 Sound propagation in terms of sound levels 32 Divergence 32 Refraction and diffraction 33 Reverberation 33 Sound fields 34 References 35 3 Sound Perception 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Human Hearing Apparatus and mechanism 36 3.2.1 Outer ear 37 3.2.2 Middle ear 38 3.2.3 Inner ear 40 3.2.4 Signal processing in the brain 44 Localization 44 Masking and audibility 45 3.2.5 Vestibular system 46 3.3 Alternate Sound Perception Mechanisms 47 3.3.1 Bone conduction 47 3.3.2 Cartilage hearing 47 3.3.3 Tinnitus 48 3.3.4 Electromagnetic hearing 48 3.4 Hypersensitivities 49 3.4.1 Hyperacusis/misophonia 50 3.4.2 Electrohypersensiti...
