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Informationen zum Autor William Labov is Professor of Linguistics and Director of the Linguistics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania. His major studies include The Social Stratification of English in New York City (1966), Sociolinguistic Patterns (1972), Language in the Inner City (1972), Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors (Wiley-Blackwell, 1994) and Principles of Linguistic Change , Volume 2: Social Factors (Wiley-Blackwell, 2001). With S. Ash and C. Boberg, he published the Atlas of North American English in 2006. Klappentext Written by the world-renowned pioneer in the field of modern sociolinguistics, this volume examines the cognitive and cultural factors responsible for linguistic change, tracing the life history of these developments, from triggering events to driving forces and endpoints.* Explores the major insights obtained by combining sociolinguistics with the results of dialect geography on a large scale* Examines the cognitive and cultural influences responsible for linguistic change* Demonstrates under what conditions dialects diverge from one another* Establishes an essential distinction between transmission within the community and diffusion across communities* Completes Labov's seminal Principles of Linguistic Change trilogy Zusammenfassung Written by the world-renowned pioneer in the field of modern sociolinguistics, this volume examines the cognitive and cultural factors responsible for linguistic change, tracing the life history of these developments, from triggering events to driving forces and endpoints. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures. List of Tables. Foreword. Preface. Abbreviations. 1 Introduction to Cognitive and Cultural Factors in Linguistic Change. 1.1 Cognitive Factors. 1.2 Cultural Factors in Linguistic Change. 1.3 Convergence and Divergence. 1.4 The Darwinian Paradox Revisited. 1.5 Divergence and the Central Dogma. 1.6 The Community Orientation of Language Learning. 1.7 The Argument of this Volume. 1.8 The English Vowel System and the Major Chain Shifts of North American English. Part A Cross-Dialectal Comprehension. 2 Natural Misunderstandings. 2.1 The Collection of Natural Misunderstandings. 2.2 Modes of Correction. 2.3 How Common Are Misunderstandings? 2.4 What Is the Role of Sound Change in Misunderstanding? 2.5 The Linguistic Focus of the Misunderstandings. 2.6 The Effect of Mergers. 2.7 Chain Shifts. 2.8 Philadelphia Sound Changes. 2.9 r-less vs r-ful Dialects. 2.10 Sound Changes General to North America. 2.11 An Overview of Natural Misunderstandings. 3 A Controlled Experiment on Vowel Identification. 3.1 The Peterson-Barney Experiment. 3.2 Replicating the Peterson-Barney Experiment. 3.3 Overall Success in Identification. 3.4 Responses to the Chicago Speakers. 3.5 Responses to the Birmingham Speakers. 3.6 Responses to the Philadelphia Speakers. 3.7 Overview. 4 The Gating Experiments. 4.1 Construction of the Gating Experiments. 4.2 Overall Responses to the Gating Experiments. 4.3 Comprehension of the Northern Cities Shift in Chicago. 4.4 Recognition of Chicago Sound Changes in the Word Context. 4.5 The Effect of Lexical Equivalence. 4.6 Comprehension of Southern Sound Changes in Birmingham. 4.7 Comprehension of Philadelphia Sound Changes. 4.8 Overview of the Gating Experiments. Part B The Life History of Linguistic Change. 5 Triggering Events. 5.1 Bends in the Chain of Causality. 5.2 Causes of the Canadian Shift. 5.3 Causes of the Pittsburgh Shift. 5.4 Causes of the Low Back Merger.
