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( Chapters begin with an Introduction and conclude with a Summary, Looking Ahead, Exercises and References. ) Figure List. About the Author. Preface. Acknowledgments. SECTION 1: BASICS. 1. Introduction to Objects and the Unified Modeling Language. Advantages of Objects. Terms and Concepts. Object Orientation with UML. Objects. Attributes. Behavior. Messaging. Responsibility. Concurrency. Objects as Autonomous Machines. Class Diagrams. Relations Among Classes and Objects. Use Cases. Sequence Diagrams. Physical Representation. Things Common to Diagrams. Notes. Packages. Constraints. Stereotypes. 2. Basic Concepts of Real-Time Systems. What is Real-Time? Terms and Concepts. Timeliness. Responsiveness. Concurrency. Scheduling Concurrent Threads. Event Arrival Patterns. Thread Rendezvous Patterns. Sharing Resources. Predictability. Memory Management. Correctness and Robustness. Deadlock. Exceptional Conditions. Race Conditions. Distributed Systems. Fault Tolerance and Safety. Dealing with Resource-Limited Target Environments. Low-Level Hardware Interfacing. Real-Time Operating Systems. Scalability. Scheduling. Typical RTOS Features. 3. Basic Concepts of Safety-Critical Systems. Introduction to Safety. The Therac-25 Story. Other Stories. Terms and Concepts. Safety Related Faults. Safety is a System Issue. Random Faults Versus Systematic Faults. Single Point Failures. Common Mode Failures. Latent Faults. Fail-Safe State. Achieving Safety. Safety Architectures. Single Channel Protected Design. Eight Steps to Safety. Step 1: Identify the Hazards. Step 2: Determine the Risks. Step 3: Define the Safety Measures. Step 4: Create Safe Requirements. Step 5: Create Safe Design. Step 6: Implementing Safely. Step 7: Assure Safety Process. Step 8: Test, Test, Test. Few Safety Related Standards. 4. Rapid Object-Oriented Process for Embedded Systems. Terms and Concepts. Development Phases. Ordering. Maturity. Development Task Sequencing. Waterfall Lifecycle. Iterative Lifecycles. Prototyping. Scheduling and Estimation. Advantages of Accurate Schedules. Difficulties of Accurate Scheduling. The ROPES Macro Cycle. Analysis. Requirements Analysis. Systems Analysis. Object Analysis. Design. Architectural Design. Mechanistic Design. Detailed Design. Translation. Activities. Artifacts. Testing. Activities. SECTION 2: ANALYSIS. 5. Requirements Analysis of Real-Time Systems. Terms and Concepts. Use Cases. Messages and Events. Scenarios, Protocols, and State Machines. Use Cases. Use Case Relations. Use Case Example: Air Traffic Control Sy...
