Read more
Informationen zum Autor Dr E. Königsberger and Dr L. Königsberger (Editors), Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Engineering, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia Klappentext Solubility phenomena are fundamental to living organisms and range from gas solubilities ( e.g. oxygen in blood) to biomineral formation in body fluids. This book comprises five chapters on various perspectives of normal and pathological biomineralization in humans. Chapter 1 gives an overview of experimental and modeling methods, recommends solubility data for selected stone-forming substances and describes recently discovered, unusual dissolution and crystallization phenomena involving nano-sized biomaterials. Chapter 2 presents a general classification of renal and salivary calculi based on their formation mechanism. Chapter 3 reviews the solubilities of calcium and magnesium phosphates and discusses their relevance to normal and pathological mineralization in terms of stability field diagrams. Chapter 4 proposes a new paradigm for biomineralization - liquid phase precursors - and their possible roles in the formation of bone and kidney stones. In Chapter 5, various aspects of the biomineralization of iron and its relation to iron overload diseases are discussed. Aimed at chemists interested in solution chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, crystallisation, biochemistry, biomineralisation, medicinal chemistry and industrial chemistry, this book is also relevant to doctors and biologists interested in research in urology, nephrology, clinical chemistry and chelation therapy. Zusammenfassung * Interdisciplinary approach to pathological biomineralisation bringing together divergent aspects of the topic * International group of contributors from the fields of chemistry! medicinal chemistry and materials science * Brings new insights into the biology and physical chemistry of biological mineralisation . Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1 Solubility Phenomena Related to Normal and Pathological Biomineralization Processes ( Erich Königsberger and LanChi Königsberger ). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Experimental Methods. 1.2.1 Solubility Measurements. 1.2.2 Solution Calorimetry. 1.2.3 Kinetic Measurements. 1.3 Thermodynamic Modeling of Biological Systems. 1.3.1 Introduction. 1.3.2 Chemical Speciation, Blood Plasma Models and Chelation Therapy. 1.3.3 Metal Solubility and Toxicity. 1.3.4 Urine Models. 1.3.5 Modeling Pancreatic and Biliary Stone Formation. 1.4 New Insights in Solubility Phenomena Relevant to Biomineralization. 1.4.1 Solubility of Nanomaterials and Biological Demineralization. 1.4.2 New Mechanisms of Biomineralization. References. 2 Mechanisms of Renal and Salivary Calculi Formation and Development ( Félix Grases and Antonia Costa-Bauzá ). 2.1 Introduction. 2.1.1 Renal Lithiasis. 2.1.2 Sialolithiasis. 2.2 Classification of Renal Calculi and Formation Mechanisms. 2.2.1 Calcium Oxalate Renal Calculi. 2.2.2 Phosphate Renal Calculi. 2.2.3 Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate/Hydroxyapatite Mixed Calculi. 2.2.4 Uric Acid Renal Calculi. 2.2.5 Cystine Renal Calculi. 2.2.6 Infrequent Renal Calculi. 2.2.7 General Considerations About Renal Calculi. 2.3 Mechanisms of Formation of Sialoliths. References. 3 Calcium and Magnesium Phosphates: Normal and Pathological Mineralization ( M. Clara F. Magalhães, Paula A. A. P. Marques and Rui N. Correia ). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Stability of Magnesium and Calcium Phosphates. 3.2.1 Magnesium Phosphates. 3.2.2 Whitlockite (TCMP)...
