Clinical Orthoptics

Informationen zum Autor Fiona J. Rowe is Lecturer in Orthoptics at the University of Liverpool and an Honorary Research Vision Scientist at the Department of Orthoptics and Ophthalmology, Warrington Hospital. Dr Rowe also lectures extensively to trainee and qualified ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, and other members of the multi-disciplinary eye care team. Klappentext Clinical Orthoptics has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Qualified orthoptists, general ophthalmologists and optometrists will also find valuable guidance in these pages. In this edition, the author has maintained the goal of producing a user-friendly, clinically relevant and succinct book, while revising it to reflect a variety of developments in the field. Zusammenfassung Clinical Orthoptics has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii Section I 1 1 Extraocular Muscle Anatomy and Innervation 3 Muscle pulleys 3 Ocular muscles 5 Innervation 10 Associated cranial nerves 12 References 15 Further reading 16 2 Binocular Single Vision 17 Worth's classification 17 Development 17 Retinal correspondence 19 Physiology of stereopsis 20 Fusion 23 Retinal rivalry 24 Suppression 24 Diplopia 25 References 27 Further reading 28 3 Ocular Motility 29 Saccadic system 29 Smooth pursuit system 31 Vergence system 33 Vestibular-ocular response and optokinetic response 35 Brainstem control 37 Muscle sequelae 39 Past-pointing 40 Bell's phenomenon 41 References 41 Further reading 43 4 Orthoptic Investigative Procedures 45 Visual acuity 45 Cover test 60 Ocular motility 64 Accommodation and convergence 68 Retinal correspondence 73 Fusion 77 Stereopsis 82 Suppression 89 Synoptophore 91 Aniseikonia 97 Fixation 98 Measurement of deviations 99 Hess charts 105 Field of binocular single vision 108 Uniocular field of vision 110 Measurement of torsion 111 Parks-Helveston three-step test 113 Diplopia charts 113 Bielchowsky phenomenon (dark wedge test) 115 Forced duction test 115 Forced generation test 115 Orthoptic exercises 115 References 119 Further reading 124 Section II 129 5 Heterophoria 131 Classification 131 Aetiology 131 Causes of decompensation 132 Esophoria 132 Exophoria 132 Hyperphoria/hypophoria 133 Alternating hyperphoria 133 Alternating hypophoria 133 Cyclophoria 133 Incomitant heterophoria 133 Hemifield slide 133 Investigation of heterophoria 134 Management 135 References 136 Further reading 137 6 Heterotropia 138 Esotropia 138 Factors necessary for development of binocular single vision 139 Constant esotropia with an accommodative element 140 Constant esotropia without an accommodative element 141 Accommodative esotropia 146 Relating to fixation distance 151 Exotropia 155 Hypertropia...

List of contents

Preface xi
 
Acknowledgements xii
 
List of Figures xiii
 
List of Tables xvii
 
SECTION I 1
 
1 Extraocular Muscle Anatomy and Innervation 3
 
Muscle pulleys 3
 
Ocular muscles 5
 
Innervation 10
 
Associated cranial nerves 12
 
References 15
 
Further reading 16
 
2 Binocular Single Vision 17
 
Worth's classification 17
 
Development 17
 
Retinal correspondence 19
 
Physiology of stereopsis 20
 
Fusion 23
 
Retinal rivalry 24
 
Suppression 24
 
Diplopia 25
 
References 27
 
Further reading 28
 
3 Ocular Motility 29
 
Saccadic system 29
 
Smooth pursuit system 31
 
Vergence system 33
 
Vestibular-ocular response and optokinetic response 35
 
Brainstem control 37
 
Muscle sequelae 39
 
Past-pointing 40
 
Bell's phenomenon 41
 
References 41
 
Further reading 43
 
4 Orthoptic Investigative Procedures 45
 
Visual acuity 45
 
Cover test 60
 
Ocular motility 64
 
Accommodation and convergence 68
 
Retinal correspondence 73
 
Fusion 77
 
Stereopsis 82
 
Suppression 89
 
Synoptophore 91
 
Aniseikonia 97
 
Fixation 98
 
Measurement of deviations 99
 
Hess charts 105
 
Field of binocular single vision 108
 
Uniocular field of vision 110
 
Measurement of torsion 111
 
Parks-Helveston three-step test 113
 
Diplopia charts 113
 
Bielchowsky phenomenon (dark wedge test) 115
 
Forced duction test 115
 
Forced generation test 115
 
Orthoptic exercises 115
 
References 119
 
Further reading 124
 
SECTION II 129
 
5 Heterophoria 131
 
Classification 131
 
Aetiology 131
 
Causes of decompensation 132
 
Esophoria 132
 
Exophoria 132
 
Hyperphoria/hypophoria 133
 
Alternating hyperphoria 133
 
Alternating hypophoria 133
 
Cyclophoria 133
 
Incomitant heterophoria 133
 
Hemifield slide 133
 
Investigation of heterophoria 134
 
Management 135
 
References 136
 
Further reading 137
 
6 Heterotropia 138
 
Esotropia 138
 
Factors necessary for development of binocular single vision 139
 
Constant esotropia with an accommodative element 140
 
Constant esotropia without an accommodative element 141
 
Accommodative esotropia 146
 
Relating to fixation distance 151
 
Exotropia 155
 
Hypertropia 168
 
Hypotropia 168
 
Cyclotropia 169
 
Dissociated vertical deviation 170
 
Dissociated horizontal deviation 172
 
Quality of life 173
 
Pseudostrabismus 174
 
References 175
 
Further reading 184
 
7 Microtropia 189
 
Terminology 189
 
Classification 190
 
Investigation 191
 
Management 194
 
References 194
 
Further reading 195
 
8 Amblyopia and Visual Impairment 197
 
Classification 197
 
Aetiology 197
 
Investigation 198
 
Management 199
 
Eccentric fixation 205
 
Cerebral visual impairment 205
 
Delayed visual maturation 206
 
PHACE syndrome 207
 
References 207
 
Further reading 212
 
9 Aphakia 215
 
Methods of correction 215
 
Investiga

Product details

• Authors: Fiona J Rowe, Fiona J. Rowe, Fiona J. (University of Liverpool) Rowe, Rowe Fiona J.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 09.03.2012
• EAN: 9781444339345
• ISBN: 978-1-4443-3934-5
• No. of pages: 486
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > General; Health & Social Care, Gesundheits- u. Sozialwesen, Erforschung des Sehvermögens, Orthoptik, Vision Sciences