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This book offers a comparative perspective on the semi-presidential regimes of Portugal and Timor-Leste, suggesting that they both reserve a "moderating power" for presidents in line with what was theorized by Benjamin Constant. Historical legacies, political culture and short-term political considerations combined create an institutional design that has endured and produced incentives to power-sharing and inclusiveness. A critical element of this model finds roots in the electoral system facilitating the emergence of "independent" presidents with political platforms that tend to supersede those of political parties. Elected presidents dispose of an array of competences that do not overlap with those of prime ministers, but represent a category of its own. The vast array of presidential competences contributes to reinforcing a system of checks and balances, and to foster horizontal accountability. The book argues that this specific form of government with "moderating powers" and presidents who are largely "independent" from the party system contributed to the successful democratic transitions of Portugal and Timor-Leste.
List of contents
Chapter One: Introduction: Presidential republics with moderating powers.- Chapter Two: The emergence of presidential republics in Portugal and Timor-Leste.- Chapter Three: Electing presidents with moderating power.- Chapter Four: What do presidents do with moderating power?.- Chapter Five: Moderating power and partisan presidents: two empirical cases.- Chapter Six: The moderating power of presidents: Rex regnat sed non gubernat.
About the author
Rui Graça Feijó is Research Fellow at the Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, and Associate Researcher at the Institute for Contemporary History, NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal. Previously he was a UN advisor to the presidency of Timor-Leste (2005-2006). He is the author of
Dynamics of Democracy in Timor-Leste: The Birth of a Democratic Nation (2016) and
Democracia: Linhagens e Configurações de um Conceito Impuro (2017).
