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The principle of least action originates in the idea that, if nature has a purpose, it should follow a minimum or critical path. This simple principle, and its variants and generalizations, applies to optics, mechanics, electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics, and provides an essential guide to understanding the beauty of physics. This unique text provides an accessible introduction to the action principle across these various fields of physics, and examines its history and fundamental role in science. It includes - with varying levels of mathematical sophistication - explanations from historical sources, discussion of classic papers, and original worked examples. The result is a story that is understandable to those with a modest mathematical background, as well as to researchers and students in physics and the history of physics.
List of contents
1. Introduction; 2. Prehistory of variational principles; 3. An excursio to Newton's Principia; 4. The optical-mechanical analogy, part I; 5. D'Alembert, Lagrange, and the statics-dynamics analogy; 6. The optical mechanical analogy, part II: the Hamilton-Jacobi equation; 7. Relativity and least action; 8. The road to quantum mechanics; Appendix A. Newton's solid of least resistance using calculus; Appendix B. Original statement of D'Alembert's principle; Appendix C. Equations of motion of MacCullagh's ether; Appendix D. Characteristic function for a parabolic Keplerian orbit; Appendix E. Saddle paths for reections on a mirror; Appendix F. Kinetic caustics from quantum motion in one dimension; Appendix G. Einstein's proof of the covariance of Maxwell's equations; Appendix H. Relativistic four vector potential; Appendix I. Ehrenfest's proof of the adiabatic theorem; References; Index.
About the author
Alberto Rojo is Associate Professor at Oakland University, Michigan. He is a Fulbright specialist in Physics Education and was awarded the Jack Williams Endowed Chair in Science and Humanities from the University of Eastern New Mexico. His research focuses primarily on theoretical condensed matter and he has previously published books in the popular science field.
Summary
An accessible introduction to the principle of least action, its history and its fundamental role in science. Including explanations from historical sources, hallmark papers, and worked examples, this is a story that is understandable to those with a less mathematical background, as well as to researchers and students of physics and the history of physics.
