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"This resource offers a primer on simple design methods for multiphase reactors in the chemical process industries, particularly the fine chemicals industry. It provides the process design engineer with simple yet theoretically sound procedures. Different types of multiphase reactors are dealt with on an individual basis. The book focuses on the problem of predicting mass transfer rates in these reactors. It also contains finally worked examples that clearly illustrate how a highly complex MPR like the Stirred Tank Reactor (STR) can be designed using simple correlations which need only a scientific calculator"--
List of contents
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
1 Evolution of the Chemical Industry and Importance of Multiphase Reactors 1
1.1 Evolution of Chemical Process Industries 1
1.2 Sustainable and Green Processing Requirements in the Modern Chemical Industry 4
1.3 Catalysis 9
1.4 Parameters Concerning Catalyst Effectiveness in Industrial Operations 17
1.5 Importance of Advanced Instrumental Techniques in Understanding Catalytic Phenomena 20
1.6 Role of Nanotechnology in Catalysis 21
1.7 Click Chemistry 21
1.8 Role of Multiphase Reactors 22
References 23
2 Multiphase Reactors: The Design and Scale-Up Problem 30
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 The Scale-Up Conundrum 31
2.3 Intrinsic Kinetics: Invariance with Respect to Type/Size of Multiphase Reactor 34
2.4 Transport Processes: Dependence on Type/Size of Multiphase Reactor 34
2.5 Prediction of the Rate-Controlling Step in the Industrial Reactor 35
2.6 Laboratory Methods for Discerning Intrinsic Kinetics of Multiphase Reactions 35
Nomenclature 44
References 45
3 Multiphase Reactors: Types and Criteria for Selection for a Given Application 47
3.1 Introduction to Simplified Design Philosophy 47
3.2 Classification of Multiphase Reactors 48
3.3 Criteria for Reactor Selection 48
3.4 Some Examples of Large-Scale Applications of Multiphase Reactors 55
Nomenclature 80
References 81
4 Turbulence: Fundamentals and Relevance to Multiphase Reactors 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Fluid Turbulence 88
Nomenclature 91
References 91
5 Principles of Similarity and Their Application for Scale-Up of Multiphase Reactors 93
5.1 Introduction to Principles of Similarity and a Historic Perspective 93
5.2 States of Similarity of Relevance to Chemical Process Equipments 94
Nomenclature 102
References 104
6 Mass Transfer in Multiphase Reactors: Some Theoretical Considerations 106
6.1 Introduction 106
6.2 Purely Empirical Correlations Using Operating Parameters and Physical Properties 107
6.3 Correlations Based on Mechanical Similarity 108
6.4 Correlations Based on Hydrodynamic/Turbulence Regime Similarity 116
Nomenclature 135
References 138
7A Stirred Tank Reactors for Chemical Reactions 143
7A.1 Introduction 143
7A.1.1 The Standard Stirred Tank 143
7A.2 Power Requirements of Different Impellers 147
7A.3 Hydrodynamic Regimes in Two-Phase (Gas-Liquid) Stirred Tank Reactors 148
7A.3.1 Constant Speed of Agitation 150
7A.3.2 Constant Gas Flow Rate 150
7A.4 Hydrodynamic Regimes in Three-Phase (Gas-Liquid-Solid) Stirred Tank Reactors 153
7A.5 Gas Holdup in Stirred Tank Reactors 155
7A.5.1 Some Basic Considerations 155
7A.5.2 Correlations for Gas Holdup 164
7A.5.3 Relative Gas Dispersion (N/NCD) as a Correlating Parameter for Gas Holdup 165
7A.5.4 Correlations for NCD 166
7A.6 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient in Stirred Tank Reactor 166
7A.7 Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient in Stirred Tank Reactor 175
7A.7.1 Solid Suspension in Stirred Tank Reactor 175
7A.7.2 Correlations for Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient 191
7A.8 Design of Stirred Tank Reactors with Internal Cooling Coils 194
7A.8.1 Gas Holdup 194
7A.8.2 Critical Speed for Complete Dispersion of Gas 194
7A.8.3 Critical Speed for Solid Suspension 195
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About the author
Vishwas Govind Pangarkar was Professor and head of the Chemical Engineering Department of the University Institute of Chemical Technology in Mumbai, India. He has been actively engaged as a consultant in the chemical industry since 1974 for both Indian and overseas companies. He is the (co)author of three books and over 130 professional papers. He is the only Indian winner of both Herdillia and NOCIL Awards of The Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, which are for excellence in such diverse fields as basic research and industrial innovations.
Summary
This resource offers a primer on simple design methods for multiphase reactors in the chemical process industries, particularly the fine chemicals industry. It provides the process design engineer with simple yet theoretically sound procedures. Different types of multiphase reactors are dealt with on an individual basis.
