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Filling the need for an up-to-date handbook, this ready reference closely investigates the use of CO2 for ureas, enzymes, carbamates, and isocyanates, as well as its use as a solvent, in electrochemistry, biomass utilization and much more.Edited by an internationally renowned and experienced researcher, this is a comprehensive source for every synthetic chemist in academia and industry.
List of contents
PrefaceCARBON DIOXIDE: UTILIZATION OPTIONS TO REDUCE IST ACCUMULATION IN THE ATMOSPHERECarbon Dioxide EmissionThe Accumulation of CO2 in the Atmosphere, and the Effects that We FearTechnologies to Reduce CO2 Accumulation in the AtmosphereThe Utilization of CO2CO2: Sources and PricesThe Potential for CO2 Utilization, and the Content of This BookThe Need for Research to Speed an Exploitation of the Utilization OptionUTILIZATION OF DENSE CARBON DIOXIDE AS AN INERT SOLVENT FOR CHEMICAL SYNTHESESIntroductionDense Carbon Dioxide as Solvent Medium for Chemical ProcessesEnzymatic Catalysis in Dense Carbon DioxideOther Reactions in Dense Carbon DioxidePolymer Synthesis in Supercritical Carbon DioxideConclusionsAUTOTROPHIC CARBON FIXATION IN BIOLOGY: PATHWAYS, RULES, AND SPECULATIONSIntroductionThe Mechanisms of CO2 FixationRules to Explain the DiversityEvolutionary AspectsChemical Aspects of CO2 FixationCARBON DIOXIDE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY OF COORDINATED CO2IntroductionCarbon Dioxide Bonding to MetalsSynthesis and Structure of CO2 ComplexesReactivity of CO2 ComplexesCO2 Complexes as Reaction Intermediates in CO2 Utilization ProcessesConclusionsMAIN GROUP ELEMENT- AND TRANSITION METAL-PROMOTED CARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTRATES (ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES, AROMATICS, AND OTHERS)IntroductionFormation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: The Kolbe-Schmitt SynthesisReactive Organometallic Derivatives in the Synthesis of Carboxylic AcidsPalladium (0)-Catalyzed Telomerization of Butadiene with CO2: Synthesis of Delta-LactoneTHE CHEMISTRY OF N-CO2 BONDS: SYNTHESIS OF CARBAMIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES, ISOCYANATES, AND UREASIntroductionSynthesis of Carbamic Acids and Alkylammonium CarbamatesSynthesis of Carbamate EstersSynthesis of IsocyanatesSynthesis of UreasConclusionsSYNTHESIS OF LINEAR AND CYCLIC CARBONATESIntroductionAcyclic Organic CarbonatesSynthesis of Organic Cyclic CarbonatesTransesterification ReactionsPOLYMERS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE: POLYCARBONATES, POLYTHIOCARBONATES, AND POLYURETHANESIntroductionHistorical PerspectiveMetal Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO2Metal Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Oxetanes and CO2Physical Methods for the Characterization of Copolymers Produced from Epoxides or Oxetane and Carbion DioxideCopolymer Isolation and Catalyst RecyclingCopolymerization of Carbon Disulfide and Epoxide and EpisulfideCopolymers from Aziridines and Carbon DioxideConcluding RemarksIN-SITU OF CARBON DEPOSITION DURING CO2 REFORMING OF METHANE FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION, USING THE TAPERED ELEMENT OSCILLATIN MICROBALANCEIntroductionThermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Formation from CH4 or COThermodynamic Analysis of Carbon Formation in CO2 Reforming of MethaneTEOM Analysis of Carbon Formation in CO2 ReformingTEM Analysis on Carbon Formed on Catalysts After CO2 Reforming of MethaneKinetic Study of Carbon Formation on Pch4 and Pco in CO2 ReformingH2O Effect on Carbon Formation in CO2 ReformingConclusionsUTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGH NONTHERMAL PLASMA APPROACHESIntroductionNonthermal Plasma PhenomenaCO and/or H2 Production from CO2Hydrocarbons Synthesis from CO2Oxygenates Synthesis from CO2Combination of Plasma with CatalystSummaryPHOTOCHEMICAL, ELECTROCHEMICAL, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDEIntroductionHomogeneous Photochemical ReductionElectrochemical ReductionSemiconductor Systems for ReductionConcluding Remarks and Future DirectionsRECENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CARBOXYLATION BASED ON CARBON DIOXIDEIntroductionElectrocarboxylationThe Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide in Protic Media (Water and Alcohols)INDIRECT UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: UTILIZATION OFTERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC BIOMASSIntroductionThe Natural Carbon CycleThe Utilization of Terrestrial BiomassThe First-Generation BiofuelsThe New Generations of BiofuelsImplementation of the Biorefinery ConceptConcluding RemarksFIXATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTO INORGANIC CARBONATES: THE NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL "WEATHERING OF SILICATES"Introduction: Inorganic Carbonate Uses and Natural ResourcesNatural Fixation of CO2 in CarbonatesProcess Routes to Valuable Carbonate ProductsMineral Carbonation for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)Other Carbonate Production Processes and Applications
About the author
Michele Aresta is full Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Bari and Honorary Professor of the Tianjin University. He is President of the Inorganic Chemistry Division of Italian Chemical Society and Director of the "Interuniversity Consortium on Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis". His areas of research are carbon dioxide utilisation in synthetic chemistry, catalysis, coordination and metallorganic chemistry. Professor Aresta is author of more than 200 papers and editor of four books. He has received several awards, like the Award of the Italian Chemical Society and the Prize of the Société Française de Chimie for Inorganic Chemistry.
Summary
Herausgegeben von einem international bekannten Forscher, untersucht dieser umfassende, topaktuelle Band die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kohlendioxid zur Gewinnung von Harnstoffen, Enzymen, Carbamaten und Isocyanaten, als Lösungsmittel, in der Elektrochemie, in der Verwertung von Biomasse und in anderen interessanten Umfeldern.
