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1.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LeA): a fascinating and sophisticated tool The greening of the economy is not a new task, but it is a challenge for which a lot of tasks still have to be done. It is known that the main source of environ mental deterioration by industry is not any more the chimneys and other process related emissions, but the products and services produced. Products are regarded as carriers of polIution: they are not only a potential source of polIution and waste during their use; they are also a cause of resource depletion, energy consumption, and emissions du ring their life starting with the extraction of the raw materials and ending with their disposal (i.e. connecting production and consumption stages). The challenge of these decades is now the greening of products and services. The new focus on products (cp. OosterhuislRubik/ScholI 1996) was introduced as a policy approach of shared responsibility in which different actors are in volved along the life-cycle of a product, each having specific responsibilities.
List of contents
eIntroduction: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Objectives and Scope; Outline.- Framework and Theoretical Background.- Application of LCA in General: Methods; General Application; Years; Commissioning Bodies; Business as Clients; Subjects; Conclusions.- A 'Static' Perspective on LCA Applications - Survey Results: Method, Sample and Evaluation Procedure; Results; Conclusions.- The Dynamics of LCA Adoption and Integration in the Firm - The Results of the Case Studies: Introduction; Summary Reports of Selected Case Studies; Overview on Application Patterns; Conclusions.- The Relationship Between Business and Policy: Expectations and Implications: Business View on Policy; Policy View on Business; Conclusions.- Conclusions and Recommendations: Summarising Results; Interesting Results; Recommendations.
