Introduction to Forensic Genetics

Informationen zum Autor Dr Will Goodwin , Senior Lecturer in Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire. Dr Sibte Hadi , Senior Lecturer in Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire. Dr Adrian M. T. Linacre , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde. Klappentext An Introduction to Forensic Genetics, Second Edition is a revised edition of this comprehensive and popular introduction to the fast moving area of Forensic Genetics. The book begins with the key concepts needed to fully appreciate the subject and moves on to examine the latest developments in the field. Now illustrated in full colour throughout, this accessible textbook includes references to relevant casework. With information on the full process of DNA evidence from collection at the scene of a crime to presentation in a legal context, providing a complete overview of the field. A new chapter looking at non-human forensic genetics, including identification of bacteria and viruses, animals and plants is also included. Now with full colour illustrations throughout New companion wesites at www.wiley.com/go/forensic2e Greater coverage of kinship problems Accessible introduction to forensic genetics, from the collection of evidence to the presentation of evidence in a legal context Zusammenfassung Greater in-depth coverage of kinship problems now covered in two separate chapters: one dealing with relationships between living individuals and the other covering identification of human remains. New chapter on non-human forensic genetics, including identification of bacteria and viruses, animals and plants. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword ix Preface xi Preface to first edition xiii 1 Introduction to forensic genetics 1 Forensic genetics 1 A brief history of forensic genetics 2 References 6 2 DNA structure and the genome 11 DNA structure 11 Organization of DNA into chromosomes 11 The structure of the human genome 13 Genetic diversity of modern humans 15 The genome and forensic genetics 16 Tandem repeats 16 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 18 References 19 3 Biological material - collection, characterization and storage 21 Sources of biological evidence 21 Collection and handling of material at the crime scene 23 Identification and characterization of biological evidence 23 Evidence collection 29 Sexual and physical assault 31 Storage of biological material 32 References 32 4 DNA extraction and quantification 37 DNA extraction 37 General principles of DNA extraction 37 DNA extraction from challenging samples 41 Quantification of DNA 45 DNA IQ system 48 References 49 5 Polymerase chain reaction 53 The evolution of PCR-based profiling in forensic genetics 53 DNA replication: the basis of the PCR 54 The components of PCR 54 Taq DNA polymerase 54 The PCR process 56 PCR inhibition 58 Sensitivity and contamination 60 The PCR laboratory 60 Further reading 62 References 62 6 The analysis of short tandem repeats 67 Structure of STR loci 67 The development of STR multiplexes 67 Detection of STR polymorphisms 70 Interpretation of STR profiles 72 Further reading 77 References 77 7 Assessment of STR profiles 81 Stutter peaks 81 Split peaks (±N) 81 Pull-up 83 Template DNA 84 Overloaded profiles 84 Low template DNA typing 84 Peak balance 86 Mixtures 86 Degraded DNA 88 PCR inhibition 90 References 91 8 S...

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Foreword.
 
Preface.
 
1 Introduction to forensic genetics.
 
Forensic genetics.
 
A brief history of forensic genetics.
 
2 DNA structure and the genome.
 
DNA structure.
 
Organization of DNA into chromosomes.
 
The structure of the human genome.
 
Genetic diversity of modern humans.
 
The genome and forensic genetics.
 
Tandem repeats.
 
Single nucleotide polymorphisms.
 
3 Biological material-collection, characterization and storage.
 
Sources of biological evidence.
 
Collection and handling of material at the crime scene.
 
Identification and characterization of biological evidence.
 
Evidence collection.
 
Sexual and physical assault.
 
Storage of biological material.
 
4 DNA extraction and quantification.
 
DNAextraction.
 
General principles of DNA extraction.
 
DNA extraction from challenging samples.
 
Quantification of DNA.
 
DNA IQ system.
 
5 Polymerase chain reaction.
 
The evolution of PCR-based profiling in forensic genetics.
 
DNA replication: the basis of the PCR.
 
The components of PCR.
 
Taq DNA polymerase.
 
The PCR process.
 
PCR inhibition.
 
Sensitivity and contamination.
 
The PCR laboratory.
 
6 The analysis of short tandem repeats.
 
Structure of STR loci.
 
The development of STR multiplexes.
 
Detection of STR polymorphisms.
 
Interpretation of STR profiles.
 
7 Assessment of STR profiles.
 
Stutter peaks.
 
Split peaks (±N).
 
Pull-up.
 
Template DNA
 
Overloaded profiles.
 
Low template DNA typing.
 
Peak balance.
 
Mixtures.
 
Degraded DNA.
 
PCR inhibition.
 
8 Statistical interpretation of STR profiles.
 
Population genetics.
 
Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
 
Statistical tests to determine deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
 
Estimating the frequencies of STR profiles.
 
Corrections to allele frequency databases.
 
Which population frequency database should be used?
 
Conclusions.
 
9 Evaluation and presentation of DNA evidence.
 
Hierarchies of propositions.
 
Likelihood ratios.
 
Two fallacies.
 
Comparison of three approaches.
 
10 Databases of DNA profiles.
 
The UK National DNA Database.
 
Legislation in England and Wales.
 
International situation.
 
11 Kinship testing.
 
Parentage testing.
 
Punnett square.
 
Identification of human remains.
 
12 Single nucleotide polymorphisms.
 
SNPs-occurrence and structure.
 
Detection of SNPs.
 
SNP detection for forensic applications.
 
Forensic applications of SNPs.
 
SNPs compared with STR loci.
 
13 Lineage markers.
 
Mitochondria.
 
Applications of mtDNA profiling.
 
Haplotypes and haplogroups.
 
The Y chromosome.
 
Forensic applications of Y chromosome polymorphisms.
 
14 Non-human DNA typing.
 
Non-human sample types.
 
Species identification.
 
Linkage to an individual using STR Loci.
 
Linkage to an individual using mitochondrial loci.
 
Microbial DNA testing.
 
Concluding comments.
 
Appendix A: Forensic parameters.
 
Appendix B: Useful web links.
 
Glossary.
 
Abbreviations.
 
Index

Produktdetails

• Autoren: W Goodwin, Willia Goodwin, William Goodwin, William (University of Central Lancashire Goodwin, William Linacre Goodwin, GOODWIN WILLIAM LINACRE ADRIAN H, Sibte Hadi, Hadi Sibte, Adria Linacre, Adrian Linacre, Linacre Adrian
• Verlag: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Sprache: Englisch
• Produktform: Fester Einband
• Erschienen: 03.12.2010
• EAN: 9780470710180
• ISBN: 978-0-470-71018-0
• Seiten: 216
• Serien: Essential Forensic Science; Essential Forensic Science; Essentials of Forensic Science
• Themen: Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik > Chemie; Chemie, Genetik, Life Sciences, genetics, Biowissenschaften, chemistry, Forensische wissenschaft, Analytische Chemie / Forensik, Forensics