As the practice of clinical medicine and the diagnosis and management of human disease becomes more complex, there is an ever greater need for well-trained, highly skilled biomedical scientists: the professionals who perform the vital laboratory tests and investigations that underpin the diagnosis of disorders and the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment.
This textbook provides a clinically focused resource that students can use at all levels of their study and career progression in biomedical science. After an overview of the anatomy and physiology of major organ systems, individual chapters cover those aspects of science that are relevant to the clinical laboratory: pathophysiology; clinical cell biology and genetics; cellular pathology; clinical chemistry; medical microbiology; clinical immunology; haematology and transfusion science, and it concludes with a chapter on professional practice.
Key Features:
A single volume resource written specifically for biomedical science students.
Clinically focused, covering the science that is relevant to the working laboratory.
Clearly written and well-presented with numerous illustrations in full colour throughout.
By focusing on clinical relevance and including contributions from practising biomedical scientists, this book gives a sense of what happens at the bench in the working clinical laboratory. It will therefore prove invaluable to all students of laboratory medicine and particularly those pursuing a dedicated career in this exciting and dynamic profession.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Anatomy and physiology of major organ systems
Ray K. Iles, Iona Collins and Suzanne M. Docherty
1.1 The skeletal system
1.2 The digestive system
1.3 The cardiovascular system
1.4 The urinary system
1.5 Respiratory system
1.6 The nervous system
1.7 The endocrine system
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Pathophysiology
Suzanne M. Docherty
2.1 Pathophysiology: a definition
2.2 Introduction to epidemiology
2.3 Introduction to pharmacology
2.4 Gastroenterology
2.5 Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease
2.6 Rheumatology
2.7 Urinary tract disease
2.8 Cardiovascular disease
2.9 Respiratory disease
2.10 Endocrine disease
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Clinical cell biology and genetics
Ray K. Iles and Stephen A. Butler
3.1 The cell
3.2 Genetics
3.3 Human genetic disorders
3.4 Important techniques in molecular cell biology
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Cellular pathology
Christopher M. Stonard and Jennifer H. Stonard
Part I: Principles of cellular pathology
4.1 Structure and function of normal cells, tissues and organs
4.2 Tissues and organs
4.3 Cellular responses to injury
4.4 Tissue responses to injury: acute inflammation
4.5 Tissue responses to injury: chronic inflammation
4.6 Healing and repair
4.7 Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
4.8 Atherosclerosis
4.9 Thrombosis and embolism
4.10 Ischaemia and infarction
4.11 Amyloid and amyloidosis
4.12 Infections of histological importance
4.13 Metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
4.14 Neoplasia
Part II: Clinical application and laboratory techniques
4.15 Sampling modalities
4.16 Fixation
4.17 Specimen dissection
4.18 Processing and embedding
4.19 Microtomy
4.20 Standard staining methods and procedures
4.21 Frozen section
4.22 Immunohistochemistry
4.23 Cytopathology
4.24 Electron microscopy
4.25 In situ hybridization
Bibliography
Chapter 5 Clinical chemistry
Ray K. Iles and Stephen A. Butler
Introduction
Part I: Analytical methods
5.1 Sample collection
5.2 Analytical methods in clinical chemistry laboratories
5.3 Summary: common clinical tests for sample analytes
Part II: Clinical assessments
5.4 Urea and electrolytes (U and Es)
5.5 Metabolism and gastrointestinal markers
5.6 Renal function tests
5.7 Liver function tests
5.8 Heart disease and lipid disorder tests
5.9 Pancreatic function tests
5.10 Bone disease assessment
5.11 Endocrinological assessments
5.12 Pregnancy tests and pregnancy clinical chemistry
5.13 Therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology
5.14 Clinical chemistry at the extremes of age
5.15 Cancer biomarkers
Bibliography
Chapter 6 Medical microbiology
Sarah J. Furrows and Catherine S. Fontinelle
Introduction
6.1 Overview of microorganisms
6.2 Laboratory investigation of infection
6.3 Bacteria
6.4 Fungi
6.5 Parasitology --- protozoa and helminths
6.6 Viruses
6.7 Prions
6.8 Infections in the immunocompromised patient
6.9 Healthcare associated infections
6.10 Antimicrobial agents
6.11 Vaccines
6.12 Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Clinical immunology
Ray K. Iles and Ivan M. Roitt
Part I: The fundamentals of immunology
7.1 Overview of the immune system
7.2 Overview of the immune response
7.3 MHC genotyping, autoimmunity and susceptibility to disease
7.4 Physical age and immunocompetency
Part II: Laboratory investigations and immune assessments
7.5 Inflammation and chronic infection
7.6 Autoimmune diseases
7.7 Transplant rejection
7.8 Hypersensitivities
7.9 Immune deficiency
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Haematology and transfusion science
Suzanne M. Docherty
8.1 Introduction and components of blood
8.2 Routine laboratory blood tests
8.3 Haemopoiesis
8.4 Red blood cell structure, disorders and metabolism
8.5 Haemoglobin
8.6 Anaemia
8.7 Benign white blood cell disorders
8.8 Haemostasis
8.9 Coagulation disorders
8.10 Myeloproliferative disorders
8.11 Haematological malignancies
8.12 Complement
8.13 Blood transfusion
8.14 Blood products
8.15 Haemopoetic stem cell transplantation
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Professional practice and biomedical science
David Ricketts
9.1 What is a biomedical scientist?
9.2 The IBMS
9.3 Professional practice and the role of the HPC
9.4 Standards of proficiency --- biomedical scientists
9.5 Expectations of a health professional
9.6 Professional relationships
9.7 The skills required for the application of practice
9.8 Knowledge, understanding and skills
9.9 Standards of conduct, performance and ethics
9.10 CPD
9.11 Critical reflection
9.12 IBMS CPD scheme
9.13 The professional biomedical scientist as an agent for change in the wider healthcare setting
Appendix
Index
